EMBASE: Excerpta Medica Database Guide Database Guide
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Database guide last
updated November 13, 2008

Copyright 2008,
Wolters Kluwer Health

The EMBASE database is a member of the EMBASE family that consists of three separate databases: the Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), EMBASE Drugs and Pharmacology (EMDP), and EMBASE Psychiatry (EMPS). Formally, EMDP, and EMPS are considered to be subsets of EMBASE. This field guide, although very similar in content to those of EMDP and EMPS, provides scope of information specific to the EMBASE database.

The Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE) produced by Elsevier, is a major biomedical and pharmaceutical database indexing over 3,500 international journals in the following fields: drug research, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, toxicology, clinical and experimental human medicine, health policy and management, public health, occupational health, environmental health, drug dependence and abuse, psychiatry, forensic medicine, and biomedical engineering/instrumentation. There is selective coverage for nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, psychology, and alternative medicine. EMBASE is one of the most widely used biomedical and pharmaceutical databases because of its currency and in-depth indexing. Frequent updates allow access to the latest medical and pharmacological trends. Approximately 375,000 records are added yearly.

Segments and Years of Coverage
Name   Years of Coverage
EMEFD   1996 - Present, updated daily
EMEF   1996 - Present, updated weekly
EMBVD   1989 - Present, updated daily
EMBV   1989 - Present, updated weekly
EMEDD   1988 - Present, updated daily
EMED   1988 - Present, updated weekly
EMEZD (Entire Database)   1980 - Present, updated daily
EMEZ (Entire Database)   1980 - Present , updated weekly
EMEM   1988 - 1995
EMEB   1980 - 1987
EMCL   1947 - 1979

The limit of databases that you can select for a multifile search session is based upon database segments rather than actual databases. The Ovid multifile segment limit is set at 120 to avoid impacting your search sessions. This database includes 11 segments.

This database is updated online daily and weekly.

EMDP, EMPS, and ELEB are updated quarterly.

 

Fields
The following list is sorted alphabetically by field alias. Click a field name to see the description and search information.
All Fields in this Database
  Abstract (AB) Drug Manufacturer Name (MF) Language (LG)
  Accession Number (AN) Drug Trade Name (TN) Local Holdings (LH)
  Article Number (AR) Editors (ED) Local Messages (LM)
  Author (AU) Electronic ISSN (EN) Molecular Source Number (MS)
  Book Title (BT) Embase Section Headings (EC) Number of References (RF)
  Book Series/Source (BS) Entry Week (EM) Original Title (OT)
  CAS Registry Number (RN) Enzyme Commission Number (EZ) Page (PG)
  Clinical Trial Number (CN) Floating Subheading (FS) Publication Type (PT)
  CODEN (CD) Grant Number (NO) Publisher (PB)
  Conference Information (CF) Heading Word (HW) Revised Date (RD)
  Copyright (CR) Institution (IN) Source (SO)
  Correspondence Address (AD) ISBN (IB) Subject Headings (SH)
  Country of Publication (CP) Issue Part (IP) Summary Language (SL)
Date Delivered (DD) ISSN (IS) Textword (TW)
  Date of Publication (DP) Journal Abbreviation (JA) Title (TI)
  Device Manufacturer (DM) Journal Issue (JI) URL (UR)
  Device Trade Name (DV) Journal Name (JN) Volume (VO)
  Digital Object Identifier (DO) Journal Word (JW) Year of Publication (YR)
Go: Menu or Back 
Default Fields for Unqualified Searches: Searching for a term without specifying a field searches the following fields.
  Abstract (AB) Drug Trade Name (TN) Subject Headings (SH)
  Device Manufacturer (DM) Heading Word (HW) Title (TI)
  Drug Manufacturer Name (MF) Original Title (OT)      
Go: Menu or Back 

Default Fields for Display, Print, Email, and Save: The following fields are included by default for each record.

  Abstract (AB) Drug Trade Name (TN) Revised Date (RD)
  Accession Number (AN) Enzyme Commission Number (EZ) Source (SO)
  Author (AU) Grant Number (NO) Subject Headings (SH)
  Date Delivered (DD) Institution (IN) Title (TI)
Go: Menu or Back 

All Fields for Display, Print, Email, and Save: Use the Select Fields button in the Results Manager at the bottom of the Main Search Page to choose the fields for a record.

  Abstract (AB) Drug Trade Name (TN) Local Holdings (LH)
  Accession Number (AN) Editor (ED) Local Messages (LM)
  Author (AU) Electronic ISSN (EN) Molecular Source Number (MS)
  Book Title (BT) Embase Section Headings (EC) Number of References (RF)
  Book Series/Source (BS) Entry Week (EM) Original Title (OT)
  CAS Registry Number (RN) Enzyme Commission Number (EZ) Publication Type (PT)
  Clinical Trial Number (CN) Grant Number (NO) Revised Date (RD)
  CODEN (CD) Institution (IN) Source (SO)
  Copyright (CR) ISBN (IB) Subject Headings (SH)
  Correspondence Address (AD) ISSN (IS) Summary Language (SL)
  Country of Publication (CP) Journal Abbreviation (JA) Title (TI)
  Date Delivered (DD) Journal Issue (JI) URL (UR)
  Device Trade Name (DV) Language (LG) Year of Publication (YR)
  Digital Object Identifier (DO)    
Go: Menu or Back 

Elements of Source (SO) Field: Ovid searches the following fields as part of the record source.

  Article Number (AR) Issue Part (IP) Publisher (PB)
  Book Series/Source (BS) Journal Name (JN) Volume (VO)
  Book Title (BT) Page (PG) Year of Publication (YR)
  Conference Information (CF)    
Go: Menu or Back 
The following list is sorted alphabetically by the two-letter label, and includes the relevant alias, at least one example for all searchable fields, and a description of the field.
Label Name / Example
AB Abstract [Word Indexed]
mitral valve prolapse.ab.
  EMBASE includes author-written abstracts when they are available. Approximately 60% of the citations in EMBASE include abstracts. Beginning in 1997, the number of references appears at the end of the abstract.
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AD Correspondence Address [Word Indexed]
helsinki.ad.
 

The Correspondence Address (AD) field contains the contact information associated with the authors of the document.
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AN Accession Number [Phrase Indexed]
2008491968.an.
  The Accession Number (AN) field contains a ten-digit number assigned in EMBASE to uniquely identify a particular record.
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AR Article Number [Phrase Indexed]
z29007ss.ar.
 

The Article Number (AR) field consists of an alphanumeric character string that is assigned to a document by the publisher. The article number will never change. It is a medium for citing/linking to/searching for articles when these do not contain the complete bibliographic information, or it is simply additional information.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

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AU Author [Phrase Indexed]
smith $.au.
 

The Author (AU) field contains the list of authors associated with the article. The format for authors is last name followed by one or more initials: Smith JC or Smith J. If a single initial could not be transliterated with one letter, two or more letters may be used. Occasionally a name will include the full first name.

Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling, view the index to see all versions and spellings of the name. See “Database Index Displays” in the Ovid Web Gateway Help for details on viewing and using a field index.
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BS Book Series/Source [Word Indexed]
parasitology.bs.
 

The Book Series/Source (BS) field contains information relating to the series title of the document as it appears with the publication.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

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BT Book Title [Word Indexed]
year.bt.
 

The Book Title (BT) field contains information relating to the original title and subtitle of the document as it appears with the publication.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

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CD CODEN [Phrase Indexed]
aajnd.cd.
 

The CODEN (CD) field contains a journal CODEN, a 5-digit code such as "AJDCA" which uniquely identifies a journal title.
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CF Conference Information [Word Indexed]
xivth.cf.
 

The Conference Information (CF) field contains supplementary information about a conference such as its location.

Search for single, descriptive words in the Conference Information field, such as japan.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

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CN Clinical Trial Number [Word Indexed]
nct93532081.cn.
 

The Clinical Trial Number field (CN) field contains unique numbers associated with the record from the National Library of Medicine, International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register and The European EudraCT Database.
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CP

Country of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
venezuela.cp.
 

The Country of Publication (CP) field contains the name of the country in which a journal was published (such as United States).

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CR Copyright [Word Indexed]
reserved.cr.
 

The Copyright (CR) field contains the copyright information associated with an article.
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DD Date Delivered [Phrase Indexed]
20070206.dd.
 

The Date Delivered (DD) field contains the date that the record was issued.
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DM Device Manufacturer [Phrase Indexed]
hewlett packard.dm.
 

The Device Manufacturer Name (DM) field contains the full name of the manufacturer of a drug or device discussed in an article. Manufacturer names are listed in their brief form, for example, Lilly for "Eli Lilly."

View the index to see all manufacturer names. See “Database Index Displays” in the Ovid Web Gateway Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

This field displays with the Device Trade Name (DV) field in the citation.
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DO DOI [Word Indexed]
zsamboki.do.
yy5a.do.
 

The DOI (DO) field contains the Digital Object Identifier, a unique and persistent digital identification code for any object of intellectual property.

The DOI itself consists of two parts: a prefix which is assigned to each publisher by the administrative DOI agency, for example, "10.1097", and a suffix which is assigned by the publisher and can be any code that the publisher chooses, for example, "00045415-200111000-00002". The full DOI appears as such: "10.1097/00045415-200111000-00002."

You can search the DO field by entering either the prefix in quotes ("10.1097".do.) or the entire doi value in quotes ("10.1097/00004850-200609000-00008".do.).
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DP Date of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
sep 2007.dp.
 

The Date of Publication (DP) field consists of the date of publication for a citation.

It is searchable in the format DD MMM YYYY, for example, 23 FEB 2002.

This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.
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DV Device Trade Name [Word Indexed]
Ultrasound.dv.
 

The Device Trade Name (DV) indicates the device trade associated with an article and the companies who manufacture the medical equipment.
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EC Embase Section Headings [Phrase Indexed]
toxicology.ec.
 

The EMBASE Section Headings (EC) field contains the EMCLAS classification-description scheme for drugs, adverse reaction titles and pharmacy.

An EMBASE Section Headings (EC) field with corresponding classification-code is available for the newly indexed data.

EMBASE Section Headings can be searched in EC field using words or digits.
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ED Editors [Phrase Indexed]
ziant g.ed.
 

The Editor (ED) field contains the list of editors associated with the article.

The format for editors is last name followed by one or more initials: Smith JC or Smith J. If a single initial could not be transliterated with one letter, two or more letters may be used. Occasionally a name will include the full first name.

Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling, view the index to see all versions and spellings of the name. See “Database Index Displays” in the Ovid Web Gateway Help for details on viewing and using a field index.
Back 
EM Entry Week [Phrase Indexed]
200844.em.
  The Entry Week (EM) field contains the date in which a document was added to EMBASE. The EM field is phrase indexed.
Back 
EN Electronic ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
0028-4793.is.
 

The Electronic ISSN (EN) field contains the electronic International Standard Serial Number (eISSN) for the journal in which the article was published.

Each journal may have an ISSN, an eISSN, or both. However when there is only an eISSN available it is searchable in the ISSN index and displays in the Electronic ISSN (EN) field.

Like the ISSN, it appears as an 8-digit number, separated by a hyphen: 1029-0362.

Back 
EZ Enzyme Commission Number[Phrase Indexed]
 

The Enzyme Commission Number (EZ) field contains the enzyme name with corresponding Enzyme Commission number.

Enzyme Commission Numbers appear and are searched with dot (3.4.22.32).
Back 
FS Floating Subheading [Phrase Indexed]
an.fs.
 

Subheadings, or "link terms" are qualifiers added to EMTREE subject headings to refine their meaning. Terms such as "adverse drug reaction" or "drug toxicity," when combined with an EMTREE term, give a very precise idea of what an article covers.

The Floating Subheading (FS) field contains the 2-letter link terms, such as "AN" for drug analysis.

      Code   Floating Subheading       Code   Floating Subheading       Code   Floating Subheading
 

ae

  

Adverse Drug Reaction

      

th

  

Therapy

      

ip

  

Intraperitoneal Drug Administration
 

ct

  

Clinical Trial

      

dr

  

Drug Resistance

      

pl

  

Intrapleural Drug Administration
 

co

  

Complication

      

dm

  

Disease Management

      

sp

  

Intraspinal Drug Administration
 

cn

  

Congenital Disorder

      

pe

  

Pharmacoeconomics

      

tl

  

Intrathecal Drug Administration
 

di

  

Diagnosis

      

bd

  

Buccal Drug Administration

      

tr

  

Intratracheal Drug Administration
 

ad

  

Drug Administration

      

ei

  

Epidural Drug Administration

      

tu

  

Intratumoral Drug Administration
 

an

  

Drug Analysis

      

ih

  

Inhalational Drug Administration

      

ty

  

Intratympanic Drug Administration
 

cb

  

Drug Combination

      

ia

  

Intraarterial Drug Administration

      

ur

 

Intraurethral Drug Administration
 

cm

  

Drug Comparison

      

ar

  

Intraarticular Drug Administration

      

ut

  

Intrauterine Drug Administration
 

cr

  

Drug Concentration

      

br

  

Intrabronchial Drug Administration

      

va

  

Intravaginal Drug Administration
 

dv

  

Drug Development

      

bu

  

Intrabursal Drug Administration

      

iv

  

Intravenous Drug Administration
 

do

  

Drug Dose

      

cl

  

Intracameral Drug Administration

      

ve

  

Intravesical Drug Administration
 

it

  

Drug Interaction

      

ic

  

Intracardiac Drug Administration

      

vi

  

Intravitreal Drug Administration
 

dt

  

Drug Therapy

      

ca

   Intracavernous Drug Administration      

po

  

Oral Drug Administration
 

to

  

Drug Toxicity

      

ce

  

Intracerebral Drug Administration

      

pa

  

Parenteral Drug Administration
 

ec

  

Endogenous Compound

      

cv

  

Intracerebroventricular Drug Administration

      

oc

  

Periocular Drug Administration
 

ep

  

Epidemiology

      

ci

  

Intracisternal Drug Administration

      

rc

  

Rectal Drug Administration
 

et

  

Etiology

      

dl

  

Intradermal Drug Administration

      

rp

  

Regional perfusion
 

pr

  

Pharmaceutics

      

du

  

Intraduodenal Drug Administration

      

rb

  

Retrobulbar Drug Administration
 

pk

  

Pharmacokinetics

      

ig

  

Intragastric Drug Administration

      

cj

  

Subconjunctival Drug Administration
 

pd

  

Pharmacology

      

il

  

Intralesional Drug Administration

      

sc

  

Subcutaneous Drug Administration
 

pc

  

Prevention

      

ly

  

Intralymphatic Drug Administration

      

sb

  

Sublabial Drug Administration
 

rt

  

Radiotherapy

      

im

  

Intramuscular Drug Administration

      

li

  

Sublingual Drug Administration
 

rh

  

Rehabilitation

      

na

  

Intranasal Drug Administration

      

tp

  

Topical Drug Administration
 

si

  

Side Effect

      

io

  

Intraocular Drug Administration

      

td

  

Transdermal Drug Administration
 

su

  

Surgery

      

os

  

Intraosseous Drug Administration

                    
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HW Heading Word [Word Indexed]
antigen.hw.
  Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every EMTREE subject heading that includes a particular word; this is done by searching the single word in the Heading Word (HW) field.
Back 
IB ISBN [Phrase Indexed]
9789515329653.ib.
 

The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) for a book or monographic publication.

The ISBN (IB) field appears as a 10-digit number and may contain 13-digit number, if available.
Back 
IN Institution [Word Indexed]
tufts.in.
 

The Institution (IN) field contains the author's affiliation, which is usually the source for a reprint of the article.

This information is not standardized and often contains abbreviations. Enter the single most descriptive word in an institution (harvard, not university). Consider both full spellings and abbreviations.

Beginning in 1997, the primary author's e-mail address will be included when provided in the original source material.
Back 
IP Issue Part [Word Indexed]
"3".ip.
 

The Issue Part field (IP) contains the issue and/or part for a particular volume of a journal.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

Back 
IS ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
o277 9536.is.
 

The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for the journal in which an article was published.

Each journal may have an ISSN, an eISSN, or both. However when there is only an eISSN available it is searchable in the ISSN index and displays in the Electronic ISSN (EN) field.

It appears as an 8-digit number, separated by a hyphen: 0028-4793.
Back 
JA Journal Abbreviation [Word Indexed]
ztg.ja.
  The Journal Abbreviation (JA) field contains the abbreviated title of an individual journal issue.
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JI Journal Issue [Word Indexed]
zoonosis.ji.
 

The Journal Issue (JI) field contains the title of an individual journal issue.

Back 
JN Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
academic medicine.jn.
 

The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which an article was published.

View the index to see all journal names. See “Database Index Displays” in the Ovid Web Gateway Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

Back 
JW Journal Word [Word Indexed]
biochemistry.jw.
 

The Journal Word (JW) field contains individual words from every journal name in EMBASE.

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LG Language [Phrase Indexed]
turkish.lg.
 

The Language (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of an article. The language name will appear as the full language name.

For a spelled-out list of languages, refer to the Languages limit menu or view the index.  See Display and Browse Indexes in the OvidSP Online Help for details on viewing and using a field index.
Back 
LH Local Holdings [Display Only]
 

The Locally Held (LH) field indicates (with a "Y" for "Yes" or an "N" for "No") if a journal is held at your library or institution. This information is designated by your OVID System Administrator.
Back 
LM Local Messages [Display Only]
 

The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by your Ovid System administrator to indicate holdings information about journals held in your library or institution.

Back 
MF Drug Manufacturer Name [Phrase Indexed]
lilly.mf.
 

The Drug Manufacturer Name (MF) field contains the full name of the manufacturer of a drug or device discussed in an article. Manufacturer names are listed in their brief form, for example, Lilly for "Eli Lilly."

View the index to see all Drug Manufacturer names. See “Database Index Displays” in the Ovid Web Gateway Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

The Drug Manufacturer Name field will display in the Drug Trade Name and Manufacturer (TN) field.

Back 
MS Molecular Sequence Number [Word Indexed]
genbank.ms.
zzf26988.ms.
 

The Molecular Sequence Number (MS) field contains an acronym for a source of molecular sequence data (for example, Genbank) and a sequence accession number documented by the source.
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NO Grant Number [Phrase Indexed]
 

The Grant Number (NO) field contains information about awarded grants such as the name of the organization that has awarded the grant.

Individual words are indexed in the NO field. Enter a single word or phrase to be searched in the grant number.
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OT Original Title [Word Indexed]
heure.ot.
 

The Original Title (OT) field contains all non-English titles in the original language. If the original title was in a non-Roman alphabet, then the OT is transliterated.

Omit common articles when searching a foreign language: heure not l'heure.
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PB Publisher [Word Indexed]
wiley.pb
 

The Publisher (PB) field includes the publisher name for a book or other non-journal publication.
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PG Page [Phrase Indexed]
"3".pg.
 

The Page (PG) field contains the page on which a journal article begins.

Often a journal title combined with the beginning page number is enough to locate a citation.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

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PT Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
conference paper.pt.
 

The Publication Type (PT) field contains one of the following indicating the form of the literature indexed.

  Article      

Erratum

      

Note

      

Review
  Book   Journal  

Proceeding

   Short Survey
 

Conference Paper

   Letter   Report  

Book Series
  Editorial            

The Publication Type is also available as a limit.

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RD Revised Date [Phrase Indexed]
20071003.rd.
 

The Revised Date (RD) field contains the date that the record was revised.
Back 
RF Number of References [Phrase Indexed]
95.rf.
 

The Number of References (RF) field contains the number of references that appear at the end of the document.

Back 
RN CAS Registry Number [Phrase Indexed]
3843-74-1.rn.
 

The CAS Registry Number (RN) field contains the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number for a compound mentioned in an article.
Registry numbers appear and are searched with hyphens (50-07-0).
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SH Subject Headings [Phrase Indexed]
cd4 antigen.sh.
*cd4 antigen/
 

The Subject Headings(SH) field contains the EMTREE Thesaurus terms used by EMBASE indexers to describe the content of an article.

EMTREE terms are organized in a hierarchy, or "tree" structure.

EMTREE terms should be searched as they appear in the published EMTREE or in our Tree display. All EMTREE terms and associated terms are indexed in the Subject Headings field.
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SL Summary Language [Phrase Indexed]
urdu.sl.
 

The Summary Language (SL) field contains the language(s) of the summaries printed in the original document.

The summary language name appears in the index as a 3-letter code (such as fre) or as the full language name (french). Often, the codes are the first three letters of the summary language name.
Back 
SO Source
zywienie czlowieka i metabolizm.jn.
  The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the Journal Name, the Vol/Issue, Pagination, Year of Publication and Conference Name or Report Number if applicable.
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TI Title [Word Indexed]
down's syndrome.ti.
prozac.ti.
 

The Title (TI) field contains the English language version of a title. For documents which are not written in English, the original or transliterated title appears in a separate field, Original Title (OT).

The title sometimes includes notes about the article such as an indication of language.
Back 
TN Drug Trade Name [Phrase Indexed]
valium.tn.
 

The Drug Trade Name (TN) field contains both the trade name and manufacturer for a drug or device discussed in an article.

View the index to see all Drug Trade Names. See “Database Index Displays” in the Ovid Web Gateway Help for details on viewing and using a field index.
Back 
TW Textword (AB, TI, TN)
mitral valve prolapse.tw.
 

The Textword (TW) field is an alias for all of the fields in a database which contain text words and which are appropriate for a subject search.

The Textword field in EMBASE includes Title (TI), Abstract (AB), and Drug Trade Name (TN).
Back 
UR

URL [Word Indexed]
zzzs.ur.
  The URL (UR) field will contain the URL information for internet-only journals.
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VO Volume [Word Indexed]
"21".vo.
 

The Volume (VO) field consists of the volume and issue of a serial publication.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

Back 
YR Year of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
2009.yr.
 

The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the year in which an article or monograph was published. The full year appears in the document and can be searched using a single 4-digit number.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

Go: Menu or Back 

 

Advanced Searching
You can use special search syntax to combine search terms or strategically develop a search.
Operator Syntax Search Example Sample Results
OR x or y vitamin c or ascorbic acid

"a statistically significant decrease in the plasma L-ascorbic acid concentration "
  The OR operator retrieves records that contain any or all of the search terms. For example, the search heart attack or myocardial infarction retrieves results that contain the terms heart attack, myocardial infarction or both terms; results are all inclusive. You can use the OR operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field.
AND x and y anticancer and vitamin K

"Inhibition of rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy and induction of ERK phosphorylation by Cpd 5, a K vitamin-based anticancer compound. "
  The AND operator retrieves only those records that include all of the search terms. For example, the search blood pressure and stroke retrieves results that contain the term blood pressure and the term stroke together in the same record; results are exclusive of records that do not contain both of these terms. You can use the AND operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field.
NOT x not y blastula not embryo

"while twitchin and myorod appeared at the blastula stage (12 h after fertilization).

  The NOT operator retrieves records that contain the first search term and excludes the second search term. For example, the search health reform not health maintenance organizations retrieves only those records that contain the term health reform but excludes the term health maintenance organizations. In this way, you can use the NOT operator to restrict results to a specific topic.
You can use the NOT operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field.
Adjacency (ADJ) x y drug adj therapy

"Early ovarian carcinoma.....Surgical and drug therapy"
  The Adjacent operator (ADJ) retrieves records with search terms next to each other. You do not need to separate search terms manually by inserting ADJ between them, because when you separate terms with a space on the command line, Ovid automatically searches for the terms adjacent to one another. For example, the search blood pressure is identical to the search blood adj pressure.
Defined Adjacency (ADJn) x ADJn y patterning adj3 embryo  

"Nodal signalling are all critical for proper patterning of the vertebrate embryo"
  The defined adjacency operator (ADJn) retrieves records that contain search terms within a specified number (n) of words from each other in any order. To use the adjacency operator, separate your search terms with ADJ and a number from 1 to 99. For example, the search physician adj5 relationship retrieves records that contain the words physician and relationship within five words of each other in either direction. This particular search retrieves records containing such phrases as physician patient relationship, patient physician relationship, or relationship of the physician to the patient.
Frequency (FREQ) x.ab./FREQ=n blood.ab./freq=2

"To test this hypothesis, lactate concentrations in the whole blood, plasma and red blood cells of AS and AA were compared at rest "
  The frequency operator (FREQ) lets you specify a threshold of occurrence of a term in the records retrieved from your search. Records containing your search term are retrieved only if the term occurs at least the specified (n) number of times. In general, records that contain many instances of your search term are more relevant than records that contain fewer instances. The frequency operator is particularly useful when searching a text field, such as Abstract or Full Text, for a common word or phrase.
Unlimited Truncation ($) x$ rat$

"OBJECTIVE. To investigate apoptotic, degenerative, and inflammatory changes occurring in the cervical intervertebral discs of rats."
  Unlimited truncation retrieves all possible suffix variations of the root word indicated. To apply unlimited truncation to a term, type the root word or phrase followed by either of the truncation characters: $ (dollar sign) or : (colon). For example, in the truncated search disease$, Ovid retrieves the word disease as well as the words diseases, diseased, and more.
limited Truncation ($) x$n dog$1

"an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) probe was placed in LCx in 29 dogs."
"and the response to HFS was blunted in one dog (10-11 V)."

  Limited truncation specifies a maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase. For example, the truncated search dog$1 retrieves results with the words dog and dogs; but it does not retrieve results with the word dogma.
Mandated Wildcard (#) xx#y wom#n

"Inflammatory activity and anticardiolipin antibodies during tibolone treatment of healthy postmenopausal women. "
"We report the computed tomography features of a woman..."

  Searching with a mandated wildcard retrieves all possible variations of a word in which the wildcard is present in the specified place. You can use it at the end of a term to limit results to only those that contain the word plus the mandated character. For example, the search dog# retrieves results that contain the word dogs, but not those that contain the word dog, effectively limiting results to only those that contain the plural form of the word. The mandated wild card character (#) is also useful for retrieving specialized plural forms of a word. For example, the search wom#n retrieves results that contain both woman and women. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word.
Optional Wildcard (?) xx?y colo?r

" one or more colours (95.5%)"
"in addition to the predictable red hair color (RHC) alleles"
  The optional wild card character (?) can be used within or at the end of a search term to substitute for one or no characters. This wild card is useful for retrieving documents with British and American word variants since it specifies that you want retrieval whether or not the extra character is present. For example, the optional wild card search colo?r retrieves results that contain the words color or colour. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word.
Literal String ("") "x / y" "Heat / Cold Application"

"Patient education, psychological support, weight control, exercise, heat/cold application, and... "
"n" "3".vo

"Foodborne Pathogens & Disease. Vol. 3(2)(pp 212-215), 2006. "
 

Quotation marks can be used to retrieve records that contain literal strings, when the string includes special characters, such as a forward slash (/).

Quotation marks can also be used to retrieve records that contain numbers that may otherwise be confused for earlier searches. In the example, a search for 3.vo would limit the string from your third search in your search history to the volume field. By including the number in quotation marks, the search will retrieve documents with a 3 in the volume number.
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Stopwords
At customer request, Stopwords have been eliminated from this database. You can now search for words or phrases like is there hope.tw.  Previously such searches would have returned an error because they included stopwords.
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Limits
The following limits are available for this database. See Database Limits in the OvidSP Online Help for details on applying limits.

Limit

 Syntax

Abstracts

Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to abstracts
Command Syntax: ..l/ ab=y
  A limit to Abstracts will restrict retrieval to EMBASE documents which include an abstract. About 60% of the documents in EMBASE contain abstracts.

Clinical Queries

   
 

Limiting to Clinical Queries will restrict retrieval clinically sound studies. There are nine categories provided, and the emphasis may be Sensitive (the most relevant articles but probably some less relevant ones), Specific (mostly relevant articles but probably omitting a few), or Optimized (the combination of terms that optimizes the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity).

These filters, based on the work of R. Brian Haynes MD, PhD et al. of the Health Information Research Unit (HIRU) at McMaster University, are intended for clinicians. A detailed explanation of the strategies behind these limits can be found at http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/hedges/.

English Language

 Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to english
Command Syntax: ..l/1 en=y
  A limit to English will restrict retrieval to articles which are written in the English language. Articles written in another language but which have an English abstract will be eliminated by a limit to English.

Experimental Subjects

 Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to amphibia
limit 1 to higher plant
limit 1 to microorganism
 

A limit to Experimental Subjects will restrict retrieval to various specific animal types used as experimental subjects.

Female

 Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to female
  A limit to Female will restrict retrieval to clinical or experimental studies on females, whether human or animal. The designation "female" includes in vitro studies on human or animal tissue or cells.

Full Text

Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to Full Text
  A limit to Full Text will restrict retrieval to those citations for which there is a full text link. Both Ovid full text and external full text are included in this limit.

Human

Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to human
Command Syntax: ..l/1 hu=y
  A limit to Human will restrict retrieval to all items concerning humans, including clinical articles and studies on humans as experimental subjects, or involving human tissue, cells or cell components.

Human Age Groups

Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to infant
 

A limit by Human Age Groups will restrict retrieval to any of a number of broad age categories indexed in EMBASE.

 

Infant <to one year>

      

Embryo <first trimester>
 

Preschool Child <1 to 6 years>

  

Child <unspecified age>
 

Adolescent <13 to 17 years>

  

School Child <7 to 12 years>
 

Aged <65+ years>

  

Adult <18 to 64 years>

Languages

 Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to french
Command Syntax: ..l/1 lg=fre
  A limit to Language will restrict retrieval to any of the languages indexed in EMBASE. If you choose Languages... you will be presented with a list of languages from which to select.

Latest Update

Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to update
Command Syntax: ..l/1 up=y
  New documents are added to EMBASE every month. If you limit to Latest Update you will restrict retrieval to documents which were added to the database in the most recent database update.

Local Holdings

Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to Local Holdings
   

Male

 Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to male
  A limit to Male will restrict retrieval to clinical or experimental studies on males, whether human or animal. The designation "male" includes in vitro studies on human or animal tissue or cells.

Ovid Full Text Available

Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to Ovid Full Text Available
   

Priority Journals

 Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to priority
limit 1 to priority journals
  A limit to Priority Journals will restrict retrieval to major journals which receive priority in indexing. Priority journals comprise approximately one-third of the EMBASE collection.

Publication Types

Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to review
limit 1 to article
 

A limit to Publication Types will restrict retrieval to any of the selected article types such as:

  Article  

Editorial

  

Letter

  

Report

   Book Series
  Book   Erratum  

Note

   Review    
 

Conference Paper

   Journal   Proceeding  

Short Survey

    

Publication Year

Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to (yr=2001-2002 and oral)
limit 1 to yr=2001
Command Syntax: ..l/1 yr=2002
  A limit to Publication Year will restrict retrieval to a publication year. After you chose Publication Year... you will be prompted to enter a year. Use the 4-digit form of year.

Routes of Drug Administration

 Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to oral
  Routes of Drug Administration are the various ways in which drugs may be administered, such as "intramuscular" or "regional perfusion." If you choose Routes of Drug Administration... you will be presented with a comprehensive list from which to select.
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Tools

The following Search Tools are available for this database. For specific information on using these tools, refer to the OvidSP Online Help linked below.

 
 
 
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Changing to this Database
To change a search session to a segment of this database from another database or another segment, use the following syntax in the Ovid Syntax tab:
  Command Syntax: ..c/emez
  Sentence Syntax: use emez
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Sample Documents
Sample 1 

Accession Number
  2006401682
Authors
  Heinavaara S. Hakulinen T.
Institution
  (Heinavaara, Hakulinen) Finnish Cancer Registry. Liisankatu 21 B, 00170 
  Helsinki, Finland.
  (Heinavaara) Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki. 00014
  Helsinki, Finland.
Correspondence Address
  S. Heinavaara, Finnish Cancer Registry. Liisankatu 21 B, 00170 Helsinki,
  Finland. E-mail: sirpa.heinavaara@cancer.fi
Country of Publication
  United Kingdom
Title
  Predicting the lung cancer burden: Accounting for selection of the patients
  with respects to general population mortality.
Source
  Statistics in Medicine. 25(17)(pp 2967-2980), 2006. 
  Date of Publication: 15 Sep 2006.
Local Messages
  (1) Health Sciences Lib (Boston): Current Subscription
Subject Headings
  Adult
  Aged
  Article
  Birth
  Cancer Diagnosis
  Cancer Incidence
  *Cancer Mortality
  Cancer Patient
  Cancer Survival
  Cause of Death
  Controlled Study
  Data Analysis
  Finland
  Follow Up
  Health Care Management
  Human
  *Lung Cancer
  Major Clinical Study
  Male
  Parametric Test
  *Patient Selection
  Population
  Prediction
  Prevalence
  *Statistical Analysis
  Statistical Model
Abstract
  Incidence, survival, prevalence and mortality are the elements of the cancer
  burden. The cancer burden is thus contributed by the same individuals from the
  diagnosis of cancer (incidence) until possible death from cancer (mortality).
  It would therefore be natural that predictions of future cancer burden, those
  needed by health administration, for example, could be based on individual
  data. This paper presents a new model for estimating future cancer burden, a
  model where individuals are followed from birth to death with or without a
  diagnosis of cancer. The model can formally be expressed as a summation of
  log-likelihoods of getting cancer and of surviving the cancer and other causes
  of death until death or censoring. The new model is illustrated with data of
  Finnish males with or without a diagnosis of lung cancer in calendar period
  1987-1997. Incidence is modelled with a general age-cohort model with a drift
  and survival from cancer with a parametric mixture model. In a model for
  survival from other causes of death, selection of patients with respect to
  general population mortality is accounted for. Future cancer burden is
  illustrated with short-term predictions of prevalence and mortality.
  Copyright copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Number of References
  16
EMBASE Section Headings
  Chest Diseases, Thoracic Surgery and Tuberculosis, Cancer, Public Health,
  Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical
  Instrumentation
ISSN
  0277-6715
Electronic ISSN
  1097-0258
DOI
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.2443
CODEN
  SMEDD
Language
  English
Summary Language
  English
Publication Type
  Journal: Article
Entry Week
  200600
Year of Publication
  2006
Copyright
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Sample 2 
Accession Number
 2006297160 
Authors
 Kusuoka H. Nishimura S. Yamashina A. Nakajima K. Nishimura T. 
Institution
  Dr. T. Nishimura,  Department of Radiology,
  Graduate School of Medical Science,
  Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
  465 Kajiichou, Kawara-machi, Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566; Japan.
  E-Mail: nisimura@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp. 
Country of Publication
 Japan
Title
  Surveillance study for creating the national clinical database related to 
  ECG-gated myocardial perfusion SPECT of ischemic heart disease: J-ACCESS
  study design. 
Source
  Annals of Nuclear Medicine. Vol. 20(3)(pp 195-202), 2006.
URL
  http://www.jsnm.org/cgi-bin/select.cgi?file=06050206&filetype=2Subject Headings
  Dipyridamole
  Adenosine Triphosphate
  Tetrofosmin Tc 99m / do [Drug Dose]
  *Electrocardiogram
  *Heart Muscle Perfusion
  *Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography
  *Ischemic Heart Disease / su [Surgery]
  *Ischemic Heart Disease / th [Therapy]
  Data Base
  Correlation Analysis
  Prognosis
  Japan
  Hypertension / co [Complication]
  Hyperlipidemia / co [Complication]
  Diabetes Mellitus / co [Complication]
  Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
  Thorax Pain
  Follow Up
  Coronary Artery Disease / di [Diagnosis]
  Screening
  Heart Infarction
  Heart Failure
  Acute Coronary Syndrome
  Exercise
  Dose Response
  Human
  Male
  Female
  Major Clinical Study
  Controlled Study
  Aged
  Adult
  Article
  Priority Journal 
Abstract
  Background: ECG-gated myocardial perfusion SPECT is widely applied to
  diagnose ischemic heart disease, and such findings are useful to predict
  patient prognosis. However, Japan does not have a database that correlates
  SPECT image findings with the prognosis of patients who have ischemic heart
  disease.
  Methods: A large-scale clinical study involving 117 medical facilities
  throughout Japan was established to survey the clinical background and
  image findings of patients who have undergone ECG-gated stress perfusion
  SPECT. These patients were followed up for three years to investigate the
  occurrence of cardiac events. Results: The 4,629 registered patients
  comprised 2,989 males (age 64.9 +/- 10.3 y, mean +/- SD) and 1,640 females
  (age 67.2 +/- 9.7 y). The most frequent complication was hypertension (54.5%),
  followed by hyperlipidemia (47.2%) and diabetes (29.4%). Percutaneous
  coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was
  conducted on 1,925 of the patients. SPECT examinations were ordered for
  further examination of chest pain (32.8%), periodic follow-up after coronary
  artery intervention (24.2%), screening for coronary artery disease (15.1%),
  follow-up of old myocardial infarction (14.9%), more detailed investigation
  of ECG or echocardiographic abnormalities (13.1%), etiological assessment of
  heart failure (1.6%), and further inspection for acute coronary syndrome
  (0.3%). The method of inducing stress was most often exercise loading at
  68.8%, and infusion of either dipyridamole (14.6%) or adenosine triphosphate
  ATP, 13.8%). The most frequently applied amount of 99mTc-tetrofosmin was an
  initial dose of 200 to 300 MBq combined with a second dose of 700 to 800 MBq
  (37.7%). The mean doses were 305 +/- 81 at the initial and 709 +/- 132 MBq
  at the second administration. A history of angina pectoris (41.2%) was the
  most frequent, followed by myocardial infarction (29.5%). Conclusions: During
  the two years of follow-up after registration, 46 of the 4,629 subjects have
  discontinued or dropped out, 134 have died, and 4,449 (97.8%) continue to
  undergo follow-up investigations. A complete report will be presented when
  the followup data for 3 years have been compiled and analyzed. 
Number of References
  22 
EMBASE Section Headings
 018, 023, 037
CAS Registry Numbers
  58-32-2 (dipyridamole).
  15237-44-2, 56-65-5, 987-65-5 (adenosine triphosphate).
  127455-27-0 (tetrofosmin tc 99m). 
ISSN
  0914-7187 
Electronic ISSN
  0914-7187
CODEN
  ANMEEX 
Language
  English
Summary Language
  English
Publication Type
  Journal: Article
Entry Week
  200627 
Year of Publication
  2006
*COPYRIGHT ELSEVIER B.V. 2006 - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED*
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