| Label |
Name / Example |
| AB |
Abstract [Word Indexed]
f108.ab. |
| |
Since 1975, NLM has included author-written abstracts
from journals whose publishers gave the NLM permission for their use.
These abstracts appear in the Abstract (AB) field.
Over 50% of the documents in Ovid MEDLINE (R) contain abstracts.
The abstract index contains all searchable words from the abstract. |
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|
| AS |
Abbreviated Source [Display Only] |
| |
The Abbreviated Source (AS) field includes a display
of all the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the
Journal Abbreviation (JA) or monograph Publisher
(PB), the Volume(VO), Issue/Part (IP),
Page (PG) and Date
of Publication (DP). |
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|
| AU |
Authors [Phrase Indexed]
gabathuler r.au.
|
| |
The Authors (AU) field contains the authors of the
article. The format for authors is last name followed by one or
more initials: Smith JC or Smith J. Enter the last name, or if it
is a common name, enter the last name and first initial. If you are unsure
of the spelling of the last name (macdonald or mcdonald), enter one version
and then scroll through the list of names to find the other.
Misspelled and corrected names are now included in the Author Index to
ensure all possible matches. Only correct author names display, while
incorrectly spelled names are indexed along with the correct spelling
of the name. |
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|
| AX |
Author Last Name [Phrase Indexed]
fabiola.ax.
|
| |
The Author Last Name (AX) index allows you to search
for the authors’ last names. Author names display in Authors
(AU) and Authors Full Name (FA) fields. |
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|
| CM |
Comments [Word Indexed]
e296.cm.
|
| |
The Comments (CM) field contains an indication that
the article either contains a comment on another article or is commented
on in another article. The CM field begins with the indication
"Comment On" or "Comment In" and then displays the Journal
Abbreviation (JA), Date of Publication (DP), Volume (VO), Issue/Part(IP) and Page
(PG).
Articles that contain a comment display with [comment] appended to the end
of the article title. Articles that are commented on in another article
display with [see comment] appended to the end of the article title. |
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|
| CP |
Country of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
new zealand.cp.
|
| |
The Country of Publication (CP) field contains the
full name of the country in which an article was published. The country
name is entered into the index as a phrase. |
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|
| DC |
Date Created [ Phrase Indexed]
19931208.dc.
|
| |
Date Created (DC) field contains the date that processing
of the record begins, in the format YYYYMMDD (19411201).
This is contrasted with Entry Date (ED), which is the date processing
ends. Date Created is not the same as NLM's PubMed Entrez Date (EDAT),
which is the date the record entered PubMed.
For citations up to about the year 2000, the Date Created (DC) and Entry
Date (ED) data elements are identical. These dates were derived from NLM's
legacy ELHILL system.
For OLDMEDLINE citations converted from the 1964 and 1965 Index Medicus
(IM), Date Created represents the year and month the citations were printed
in the monthly Index Medicus, and the day will always be "01".
All other OLDMEDLINE records have a year based on the year of the printed
index, the month is always "12" for December, and the day is
always "01". |
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|
| DI |
Publisher Item Identifier [Phrase Indexed]
s1413.di.
|
| |
The Publisher Item Identifier (DI) field uniquely
identifies individually published documents that are provided by the publisher
for new citation submission. The full PII appears as such e.g “S0036-36342008000600005”.
Search all PII's by replacing punctuation with spaces such as "S0036
36342008000600005".di. for the displayed PII of S0036-36342008000600005.
|
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|
| DO |
DOI [Phrase Indexed]
10 1364 oe 17 015508.do.
|
| |
The DOI (DO) field contains the Digital Object
Identifier - a unique and persistent digital identification code for any
object of intellectual property. The DOI itself consists of two parts:
a prefix which is assigned to each publisher by the administrative DOI
agency, e.g., "10.1097", and a suffix which is assigned by the
publisher and can be any code that the publisher chooses, e.g., "00045415-200111000-00002".
The full DOI appears as such: "10.1097/00045415-200111000-00002".
Search all DOI's by replacing punctuation with spaces such as "10
1016 j adnc 2003 08 001".do. for the displayed DOI of 10.1016/j.adnc.2003.08.001.
The DOI field will be used only for new records added during the 2008
production year. As articles with DOI input are sent to Ovid, they will
be added to the Ovid Medline database starting with 2008 data going forward. |
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|
| DP |
Date of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
1878 jan.dp.
|
| |
The Date of Publication (DP) field consists of the date
of publication for a citation, in the format YYYY MMM DD (1950 dec 3). The
Month and day are not always present. This field is also displayed as part
of the Source (SO) field. |
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|
| ED |
Entry Date [Phrase Indexed]
20091117.ed.
|
| |
The Entry Date (ED) field contains the issue (year,
month and day) in which the document was indexed as a MEDLINE (R) record.
This index appears in the format YYYYMMDD. |
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|
| EP |
Electronic Date of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
20091023.ep. |
| |
The Electronic Date of Publication (EP) is the date
the record was sent to NLM for inclusion in MEDLINE ®. This index
appears in the format YYYYMMDD. |
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|
| ES |
ISSN Electronic [Phrase Indexed]
0003 3898.is. |
| |
The ISSN Electronic (ES) field contains the Electronic
International Standard Serial Number (EISSN) for the journal in which
an article was published. It appears as an 8 digit number, separated by
a hyphen: 0028-4793. To retrieve all of the articles for a journal, search
by the Journal Name (JN).
Both Electronic and Print ISSNs can be searched in the ISSN
Print (IS) field. |
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|
| FA |
Authors Full Name [Phrase Indexed]
fabbriconi p.fa.
|
| |
The Authors Full Name (FA) field contains the full
name of the authors of the article when available. |
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|
| FS |
Floating Subheadings [Phrase Indexed]
legislation jurisprudence.fs.
|
| |
Subheadings are qualifiers added to MeSH subject
headings to refine their meaning. Terms such as "etiology" or "therapy,"
when combined with a MeSH heading, give a precise idea of what an article
covers.
The Floating Subheadings (FS) field contains both the 2-letter codes,
such as "po," and the full heading, such as "poisoning." These are displayed
following the corresponding MeSH Subject Headings. |
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|
| GS |
Gene Symbol [Phrase Indexed]
17 lower case beta hsd.gs. |
| |
The Gene Symbol (GS) field contains Gene Symbols
as they are entered into Ovid MEDLINE ® in the original document.
They often, but not always, conform to standardized human gene nomenclature.
Ignore super or sub-scripts in entry of a gene symbol: psub 1450
would be entered p1450. Enter hyphens as in the original symbol.
The Gene Symbol field was added to Ovid MEDLINE ® in 1991.
Beginning in 1996, data will no longer be added to this field. |
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|
| GW |
Gene Symbol Word [Word Indexed]
0602.gw.
|
| |
The Gene Symbol Word (GW) index contains individual
words from the Gene Symbol (GS) field. The Gene Symbol field was added
to Ovid MEDLINE ® in 1991. Beginning in 1996, data will no longer
be added to this field. |
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|
| HW |
Subject Heading Word [Word Indexed]
EMPLOYMENT.hw.
|
| |
The Subject Heading Word (HW) index allows you to
retrieve every MeSH Subject Heading and Publication
Type that include a particular word. Do this by searching a single
word in the Subject Heading Word (HW) field. |
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|
| IA |
Investigator Affiliation [Word Indexed]
e15782.in.
|
| |
The Investigator Affiliation (IA) field contains
the affiliation of the investigator of the article, and displays as part
of the Institution (IN) field. |
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|
| IL |
ISSN Linking [Phrase Indexed]
0003 2670.il.
|
| |
The ISSN Linking (IL) index contains an identifier intended
to provide a mechanism to group the various medium versions of a continuing
resource. The purpose of the ISSN-L is to provide a mechanism for grouping,
or collocating, the various medium versions of a resource, for instance,
the print and online versions of a journal per ISO 3297 standards.
"The first ISSN assigned, in the ISSN Register, to any medium version
of a continuing resource shall be designated by default to function also
as the ISSN-L and shall apply to all other media versions of that resource
identified in the ISSN Register.
The ISSN Linking field will be used only for new records added during
the 2008 production year (although NLM still does not know the timing
when all will be in place to start to appear on records). |
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|
| IN |
Institution [Word Indexed]
c1ement.in.
|
| |
The Institution (IN) field contains the primary author's
affiliation, which is usually the source for a reprint of the article.
This index also contains the investigators affiliation. This information
can be searched in most documents since 1988, but records from earlier
years which were added to the database after 1988 may also contain institution
information. Beginning with documents indexed in 1996, the primary author's
email address will also be included, if present in the journal.
The information is taken from the source document and is not standardized.
Enter the single most descriptive word in an institution (harvard, not
university). Consider both full spellings and abbreviations. |
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|
| IP |
Issue/Part [Word Indexed]
1808.ip.
supplement.ip.
|
| |
The Issue/Part (IP) field contains the Issue and/or
part for a particular volume of a journal. This field usually displays as
part of the Source (SO) field. |
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|
| IR |
Investigator [Phrase Indexed]
barrowman n.ir. |
| |
The Investigator (IR) field contains personal names
of individuals (e.g., collaborators and investigators) who are not authors
of a paper but rather are listed in the paper as members of a collective/corporate
group that is an author of the paper. The format for authors is last name
followed by one or more initials: Smith JC or Smith J. |
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|
| IS |
ISSN Print [Phrase Indexed]
8756 8160.is.
8756 3150.is. |
| |
The ISSN Print (IS) field contains the International
Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for the journal in which an article was
published. It appears as an 8 digit number, separated by a hyphen: 0028-4793.
To retrieve all of the articles for a journal, search by the Journal
Name (JN).
Both Electronic and Print ISSNs can be searched in
the IS index. |
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|
| JA |
Journal Abbreviation [Display Only] |
| |
The Journal Abbreviation (JA) is the journal title
abbreviation that is displayed in the Abbreviated Source
(AS) field and cannot be searched. |
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|
| JC |
NLM Journal Code [Phrase Indexed]
9891704.jc.
|
| |
The NLM Journal Code (JC) is an alpha-numeric code
established by NLM which uniquely identifies every journal indexed in the
NLM databases. Only the 7 digit code is searchable, in some cases the 3
digit alpha-numeric code will display as well. |
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|
| JN |
Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
aesthetic surgery journal.jn. |
| |
The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name
of the journal in which the article was published. Journal names are indexed
as phrases, so enter enough letters of the journal name to locate the
name in the index: new engl (for New England Journal of Medicine).
This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO)
field.
If the first word of a Journal Name is "The", it has been stripped
off. |
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|
| JW |
Journal Word [Word Indexed]
chemosphere.jw.
|
| |
The Journal Word (JW) field contains individual words
from every journal name in Ovid MEDLINE®. This field displays as part of
the Source (SO) field. |
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|
| KF |
Keyword Heading Word [Word Indexed]
macrozamin.kf. |
| |
The Keyword Heading Word (KF) field allows you to
retrieve every Keyword Heading that includes a particular word field. |
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|
| KW |
Keyword Heading [Phrase Indexed]
dacryocystitis differential diagnosis.kw. |
| |
The Keyword Heading (KW) field contains the Keyword
Headings assigned by indexers at NLM to describe the content of an article.
To retrieve every Keyword Heading that includes a particular word, search
for the word in the Keyword Heading Word (KF) field.
|
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|
| LG |
Language [Phrase Indexed]
greek.lg.
|
| |
The Language (LG) field contains the language(s)
of publication of an article. The language name will appear in the index
as the full form and a 3-letter code (such as fre for French) and as the
full name French. The codes are usually, but not always, the first three
letters of the language name.
The language index is quickly scrollable to determine all languages
which appear in Ovid MEDLINE (R).
|
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|
| LH |
Locally Held [Display Only]
|
| |
The Locally Held (LH) field indicates (with a "Y"
or an "N") if a journal is held locally. |
| Back
|
| LM |
Local Messages [Display Only]
|
| |
The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created
by the System Administrator to indicate information about journals held
in your local library system. |
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|
| NI |
Name ID [Phrase Indexed]
NCBI.ni. |
| |
Name ID (NI) field contains Source attributes and as
yet unknown values that may be needed for the NameID sources in the future.
Name ID is phrase indexed. Please note that the Name ID (NI) field has
not yet been used; it is expected to be implemented at some point during
the 2011 production year. |
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|
| NJ |
NLM Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
advances in urology.nj. |
| |
The NLM Journal Name (NJ) field contains the full name
of the journal in which an article was published. |
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|
| NM |
Name of Substance Word [Word Indexed]
oasomycin.nm.
|
| |
The Name of Substance (NM) field contains single
words from the CAS Registry /EC Number/Name of Substance
(RN) field and is used to search portions of chemical names. This field
displays as part of the CAS Registry/EC Number/Name of Substance
(RN) field.
The Name of Substance (NM) field was added to MEDLINE in 1980. |
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|
| NO |
Grant Number [Phrase Indexed]
00 ai 0005.no.
|
| |
The Grant Numbers (NO) field was created by NLM in 1981
to specify documents reporting on federally-funded research. Grant or contract
numbers are displayed in full, but special characters except hyphens have
been removed from the index. |
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|
| NT |
General Note [Display Only] |
| |
The General Note (NT) field contains general supplementary
information about an item. The notes may include information on the availability
of a bibliography, ordering information for dissertations or hearings,
or general summaries of materials such as manuals or scripts. A series
title may appear for a book or for audiovisual materials. |
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|
| NW |
NLM Journal Word [Word Indexed]
laboratory.nw.
medicinal.nw.
|
| |
The NLM Journal Word (NW) index contains individual
words from every journal name in the NLM Journal Name
(NJ) field. |
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|
| OA |
Other Abstract [Word Indexed]
f10h10oh.ab.
|
| |
The Other Abstract (OA) field includes a brief abstract
written by collaborating partners. The OA field is indexed in Abstract
(AB) field, and contains all searchable words from the other abstract.
Collaborating partners include:
| |
NLM |
|
U.S National Library of Medicine |
| |
AIDS |
|
Special HIV/AIDS publications with abstracts written
by someone other than the author |
| |
KIE |
|
Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University
|
| |
NASA |
|
National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| |
PIP |
|
Population Information Program, Johns Hopkins School
of Health |
|
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|
| OI |
Other ID [Phrase Indexed]
nihms152550.oi.
|
|
The Other ID (OI) is a unique alpha-numeric code.
In particular, it will contain the PubMed Central Identifier (PMCID),
where the alphabetical prefix 'PMC' precedes the identifier. If the publisher
has embargoed access to the full text, the date of availability in PubMed
Central will be noted. When the embargo is lifted, a revised record with
the date of availability removed will be released.
Other ID's are entered into the index as phrases. In particular, PMC
ID's should be searched as how the alpha-numeric code appears in PubMed
Central (PMC). |
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|
| OT |
Original Title [Word Indexed]
sairauskertomus.ot.
|
| |
The Original Title (OT) includes any non-English titles
in the original language. If the original title was in a non-Roman alphabet,
then the OT is transliterated. |
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|
| PA |
Primary Author [Phrase Indexed]
abacioglu yh.pa.
pacella bl.pa. |
|
The Primary Author (PA) field contains the first
author listed for the article. This allows users to search for articles
by any primary author. Author names display in Authors (AU) and Authors
Full Name (FA) fields.
Searching for smith rh.pa. will return results where Smith RH was listed
as the main author of the article. |
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|
| PB |
Publisher [Word Indexed]
Abstr Int Congr Trop Med Malar.pb.
|
| |
The Publisher (PB) index contains publisher information
for books, monographs or any non-journal publications. This information
is taken from the source document as it appears, so variant forms of a
publisher are possible. This field is usually displayed as part of the
Source (SO) field. |
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|
| PG |
Page [Phrase Indexed]
e012.pg.
|
| |
The Page (PG) field consists of the inclusive pagination
of a journal article. Often a journal title combined with the beginning
page number is enough to locate a citation. You can search for pages with
alphanumeric characters, such as "a1.pg."
This field displays as part of the Source
(SO) field. |
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|
| PI |
Publishing Model [Display Only] |
| |
The Publishing Model (PI) field provides the model
of publishing of the original document described in the record. The field
indicates if the article cited is available in Print or Electronic format.
It also indicates if the citation was converted from a Print or Internet
source. This field is display only; you cannot search this field.
|
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|
| PN |
Personal Name as Subject [Phrase Indexed]
N Ypsilante.pn. |
|
The Personal Name as Subject (PN) index includes the
name of a well-known person if they are discussed in an article, such as
an interview or obituary.
The format for Personal Name is the same as for Author -- last name and
initials: Bach JS. Enter a last name and one initial if known. |
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|
| PS |
Protocol Supplementary Concept [Phrase Indexed]
ABDIC protocol.ps. |
| |
The Protocol Supplementary Concept (PS) field contains
the Protocol Class 2 SCR terms. These terms were previously exported in
CAS Registry/ EC Number/Name of Substance (RN) in MEDLINE/PubMed. The
PS terms are phrase indexed.
With the 2011 reload, Protocol Supplementary Concept (PS) will be loaded
separately only for new records added during 2011 production year.
|
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|
| PT |
Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
journal article.pt.
published erratum.pt. |
| |
In addition to indexing documents with Medical Subject
Headings, the indexers at the National Library of Medicine assign terms
to describe the article type. Publication Types include such classifications
as reviews, clinical trials, directories and letters. These terms appear
in the Publication Type (PT) field.
To view the index, enter enough letters to distinguish a publication
type (jour for "journal article"); the entire index is quickly scrollable
to determine all possible publication types.
With the 2005 reload, Publication Types are also loaded into the MeSH.
Because some Publication Types are also MeSH terms, the syntax to enter
the Tree is "Randomized controlled trial [publication type]". To post
the results from the Tree without entering the Tree, the syntax is: "Randomized
controlled trial [publication type]"/ or Randomized controlled trial.pt. |
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|
| RD |
Revision Date [Phrase Indexed]
20031107.rd. |
|
The Revision Date (RD) field contains the issue (year,
month and day) in which the document was revised in Index Medicus. The RD
field appears in the format YYYYMMDD. Previously, the RD field was indexed
with the Entry Date (ED) field. Now, it is a separate
index. |
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|
| RN |
CAS Registry/EC Number/Name of Substance [Phrase Indexed]
7732-18-5.rn. |
| |
The CAS Registry/EC Number/Name of Substance (RN)
field contains the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number or Enzyme
Commission number for a compound mentioned in an article. If the generic
compound name can be determined, it is included. The RN field was added
to Ovid MEDLINE (R) 1980.
Registry numbers appear with hyphens (50-00-0). Search for EC numbers
in the format ec 1 1 1 1 adh1c protein human. Chemical names appear with
all special characters except hyphens removed. |
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|
| RS |
Rare Disease Supplementary [Phrase Indexed]
.rs. |
|
The Rare Disease Supplementary Concept (RS) field
contains the Protocol Class 3 SCR terms. The RS terms are phrase indexed.
Beginning with 2011 MEDLINE/PubMed data, Rare Disease Class 3 SCRs are
also going to be exported. |
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|
| RO |
Record Owner [Phrase Indexed]
nasa.ro. |
| |
The Record Owner (RO) field contains the owner of
the record.
| |
HMD |
|
History of Medicine Division, National Library
of Medicine |
| |
HSR |
|
Health Services Research |
| |
KIE |
|
Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University
|
| |
NASA |
|
National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| |
NLM |
|
National Library of Medicine |
| |
PIP |
|
Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication
Programs |
|
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|
| SA |
Secondary Source AN [Word Indexed]
nct00138983.sa. |
|
The Secondary Source AN (SA) index contains the unique
identifiers of outside resources discussed in MEDLINE articles. The display
will include the Secondary Source ID (SI) and the unique identifier seperated
by a forward slash (RefSeq/NM_020533). If you wish to search all works
from a particular databank use the Secondary Source ID (SI) index: refseq.si. |
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|
| SB |
Journal Subset [Phrase Indexed]
aim.sb. |
| |
The Journal Subset (SB) field identifies the subset
for MEDLINE records from certain journal lists or records on specialized
topics. Some of these values are found on extremely small numbers of records.
Citations may contain more than one occurrence of this field. The value
is true at the time the record was created. If the status of a journal
changes, the value on the record does not change.
Subset field values and their definitions are as follows. Note that several
are closed subsets no longer being assigned.
| |
AIM |
|
citations from Abridged
Index Medicus journals, a list of about 120 core clinical,
English language journals. |
| |
B |
|
citations from non-Index Medicus journals
in the field of biotechnology (not currently used). |
| |
C |
|
citations from non-Index Medicus journals
in the field of communication disorders (not currently used). |
| |
D |
|
citations from non-Index Medicus journals
in the field of dentistry; earlier citations appeared in Index
to Dental Literature. See the current List
of Journals Indexed for MEDLINE (LJI) under Dentistry
and Orthodontics. |
| |
E |
|
citations in the field of bioethics. (Includes
records from the former BIOETHICS database) |
| |
F |
|
older citations from one journal prior to its
selection for Index Medicus. Used to augment the database
for NLM's International MEDLARS Centers (not currently used). |
| |
H |
|
citations from non-Index Medicus journals
in the field of health administration. (Includes records from the
former HealthSTAR database) |
| |
IM |
|
citations from Index Medicus journals. |
| |
J |
|
citations from non-Index Medicus journals
in the field of population information. (Not currently used; on
records from the former POPLINE® database) |
| |
K |
|
citations from non-Index Medicus journals
relating to consumer health. |
| |
N |
|
citations from non-Index Medicus journals
in the field of nursing; these citations appeared in the International
Nursing Index. See the current List
of Journals Indexed for MEDLINE (LJI) under Nursing. |
| |
OM |
|
pre-1966 citations (including records from the
former OLDMEDLINE
database). |
| |
Q |
|
citations in the field of the history of medicine.
(Includes records from the former HISTLINE® database) |
| |
QIS |
|
citations from non-Index Medicus journals in
the field of the history of medicine. (For NLM use effective as
of late 2006 because they require special handling at NLM. QIS is
not a subset of Q but some journals previously designated as Q are
now designated as QIS.) |
| |
QO |
|
is subset of Q - indicates older history of medicine
journal citations that were created before the former HISTLINE file
was converted to a MEDLINE-like format. (For NLM use because they
require special handling at NLM). |
| |
R |
|
citations from non-Index Medicus journals in the field
of population and reproduction; these citations appeared in Population
Sciences (not currently used). |
| |
S |
|
citations in the field of space life sciences.
(Includes records from the former SPACELINE™ database) |
| |
T |
|
citations from non-Index Medicus journals
in the field of health technology assessment. (Includes records
from the former HealthSTAR database) |
| |
X |
|
citations in the field of AIDS/HIV. (Includes
records from the former AIDSLINE® database) |
|
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|
| SH |
MeSH Subject Headings [Phrase Indexed]
hierarchy social.sh.
randomized controlled trial.sh. |
| |
The MeSH Subject Headings (SH) field contains the
Medical Subject Headings used by indexers at NLM to describe the content
of an article. NLM's MeSH terms are organized in a hierarchy, or "tree"
structure.
MeSH headings are entered into the index as phrases and should be searched
as they appear in the NLM MeSH books or in our Tree display. |
| Back
|
| SI |
Secondary Source ID [Phrase Indexed]
clinicaltrials.si. |
|
The Secondary Source ID (SI) identifies secondary
source databanks with unique identifiers of outside resources discussed
in MEDLINE articles. The field is composed of the source acronym: GENBANK.
The Secondary Source ID (SI) formerly known as the Molecular Sequence
(MS) field was added to Ovid MEDLINE (R) in 1988. |
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|
| SL |
Secondary Source Linking [Phrase Indexed]
http clinicaltrials gov search term nct00138983.sl. |
|
The Secondary Source Linking (SL) index contains the
URL to the outside resources discussed in MEDLINE articles when the Secondary
Source ID is either ClinicalTrials.gov or ISRCTN. The index contains the
the URL, for searching ease use the Secondary Source AN (SA) index: nct00000150.sa. |
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|
| SM |
Space Flight Mission [Phrase Indexed]
Aerobee 150A Project.sm. |
| |
The Space Flight Mission (SM) field provides descriptive
values for each Space Flight Mission. |
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| SO |
Source (JN, PB, PG, YR, VO, IP)
accounts of chemical research.jn.
a39.pg.
|
| |
The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the
basic information needed to locate a record, including the full Journal
Name (JN), Publisher (PB), the Issue/Part
(IP), Page (PG), Volume (VO), and Date
of Publication (DP). |
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|
| ST |
Status [Text Indexed]
pubmed not medline.st. |
|
The Status (ST) field contains the status of the
citation.
In-Data-Review records have passed the first step in quality control
and will either be reissued as In-process records or go directly to PubMed-not-MEDLINE
as the final record status.
In-Process records are electronically submitted and have gone through
the second citation-level review.
Medline records have passed all steps in quality control and have been
indexed.
OldMedline records were produced before the Index Medicus was available
and begin in OLDMEDLINE status. Once all of the original subject terms
from the printed index have been mapped to current MeSH, the citation
status is changed to MEDLINE.
PubMed-not-MEDLINE records have gone through the second citation-level
review, but are from non-Medline journals or precede the date a journal
was selected forMEDLINE indexing but are now being submitted for inclusion. |
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| TC |
Title Comment [Word Indexed]
immunohematol.tc. |
|
Display only in the Title (TI) field |
| Back
|
| TI |
Title [Word Indexed]
014f3.ti.
s2mo18o62.ti. |
| |
The Title (TI) field contains the English language version
of a title. For documents which were not written in English, the original
or transliterated title appears in a separate field, Original Title (OT).
The title sometimes includes notes, in brackets, about the article, such
as an indication that it is a letter, editorial, or comment. |
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|
| TW |
Text Word (AB, TI)
000013.ab.
f127.ti. |
| |
The Text Word (TW) field is an alias for all of the
fields in a database which contain text words and which are appropriate
for a subject search.
The Textword field in Ovid MEDLINE (R) contains the word indexed data from theTitle (TI)
and Abstract (AB). |
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|
| UI |
Unique Identifier [Phrase Indexed]
10339538.ui.
9990101.ui. |
| |
The Unique Identifier (UI) field contains an 8-digit
number assigned by NLM to uniquely identify a particular record. This
number is also the one used to locate the document through NLM's document
delivery service. This number was formerly the PubMed Identifier (PMID).
PubMed no longer supplies PMID numbers with the input data. You can search
for PMID and UI pairs using NLM's Matcher tool, located on NLM's website
at http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/publisher/uidpmid.cgi/.
You can also download a full table of PMID numbers and their related
Unique Identifiers can be found at ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/.
This location includes 6 .zip files that comprise the full table of pairs:
| |
MuId-PmId-1.zip |
|
MuId-PmId-4.zip |
| |
MuId-PmId-2.zip |
|
MuId-PmId-5.zip |
| |
MuId-PmId-3.zip |
|
MuId-PmId-6.zip |
|
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|
| UP |
Update Date [Phrase Indexed]
20091215.up. |
| |
The Update Date (UP) field contains the date the record
was added to MEDLINE since the yearly reload completion. The Update Date
for existing records changes with each global reload to reflect the date
Ovid starts processing the reload data. The UP field appears in the format
YYYYMMDD. |
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|
| VD |
Version Date [Phrase Indexed]
20091207.vd. |
| |
Version Date (VD) field is a new model of publishing
referred to as "versioning" whereby multiple versions of the same
online article are released, sometimes in quick succession and sometimes
almost as soon as the original article has been published. Although the
Version Date value may be different from the Date of Publication, it might
be the same as Date of Publication if the new version was released later
the same day. Version Date is phrase indexed.
NLM does not expect many journals will publish versions, thus the incidence
of versioned citations will be small. PLos Currents Influenza, a PubMed
Central journal, is one example (and is the only journal involved at this
time).
|
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|
| VI |
Version ID [Phrased Indexed]
"PMC2781303.2".vi. |
| |
Version ID (VI) field is a new model of publishing referred
to as .versioning. whereby multiple versions of the same online article
are released. Though NLM does not expect many journals will publish versions,
thus the incidence of versioned citations will be small. PLos Currents Influenza,
a PubMed Central journal, is one example (and is the only journal involved
at this time). Version ID is phrase indexed. |
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|
| VO |
Volume [Word Indexed]
suppl.vo.
insider.vo. |
| |
The Volume (VO) field consists of the volume and issue
of a serial publication. This field usually displays as part of the Source
(SO) field. |
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|
| XM |
Exploded MeSH Heading [Phrase Indexed]
acetic acid.xm.
testosterone congeners.xm. |
| |
The Exploded MeSH Heading (XM) field displays pre-exploded
MeSH Headings. MeSH Subject Headings are hierarchical, with up to twelve
levels of narrower terms from the top of a hierarchy. In order to retrieve
a term and all of its narrower terms, a subject heading must be "exploded",
that is, the subject heading and all narrower terms are "OR'd" together.
OVID pre-explodes highly-posted broader terms with their narrower terms
during loading. These pre-exploded MeSH Headings are displayed in the MeSH
Subject Headings (SH) field. |
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|
| XS |
Exploded Subheading [Phrase Indexed]
tu.xs.
pd.xs. |
| |
The Exploded Subheadings (XS) field displays the
two-letter codes for the pre-exploded subheadings.
Sometimes multiple MeSH Subheadings can be logically grouped together.
Such related groups of subheadings are "pre-exploded" under one broad
subheading. This means that all the grouped subheadings can be retrieved
together by searching on the "pre-exploded" version of the broad subheading.
These pre-exploded MeSH Headings are displayed in the MeSH
Subject Headings (SH) field. Their complete list can be found in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3827/table/pubmedhelp.T41/. The CAPITAL two letter codes in the left column are the Exploded Subheadings. Terms under the exploded subheading are also searched when you use the exploded subheading.
For example, the Ovid search: an.xs retrieves any records that contain the subheadings Analysis, Blood, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Isolation and Purification or Urine. |
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|
| YR |
Year of Publication
2008.yr. |
| |
The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the year in which an article
or monograph was published. Only the four digit years appear in the index. |
| Go: Menu or Back
|
| You can use special search syntax to combine search terms or strategically develop a search.
|
| Operator |
Syntax |
Search Example |
Sample Results |
| OR |
x or y |
heart attack or myocardial infarction |
"Role of adjunctive thrombectomy and embolic protection devices in acute myocardial infarction: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized trials." |
|
The OR operator retrieves records that contain any or all of the search terms. For example, the search heart attack or myocardial infarction retrieves results that contain the terms heart attack, myocardial infarction or both terms; results are all inclusive. You can use the OR operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| AND |
x and y |
blood pressure and stroke |
"Alcohol intake, circadian blood pressure variation, and stroke" |
|
The AND operator retrieves only those records that include all of the search terms. For example, the search blood pressure and stroke retrieves results that contain the term blood pressure and the term stroke together in the same record; results are exclusive of records that do not contain both of these terms.
You can use the AND operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| NOT |
x not y |
health reform not health maintenance organizations |
"Financial crisis threatens US health reform. " |
|
The NOT operator retrieves records that contain the first search term and excludes the second search term. For example, the search health reform not health maintenance organizations retrieves only those records that contain the term health reform but excludes the term health maintenance organizations. In this way, you can use the NOT operator to restrict results to a specific topic.
You can use the NOT operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| Adjacency (ADJ) |
x y |
blood adj pressure |
"Blood pressure and mortality risk on peritoneal " |
|
The Adjacent operator (ADJ) retrieves records with search terms next to each other.You do not need to separate search terms manually by inserting ADJ between them, because when you separate terms with a space on the command line, Ovid automatically searches for the terms adjacent to one another. For example, the search blood pressure is identical to the search blood adj pressure. |
| Defined Adjacency (ADJn) |
x ADJn y |
physician adj5 relationship |
"Changes in physician-patient relationship" |
|
The defined adjacency operator (ADJn) retrieves records that contain search terms within a specified number (n) of words from each other in any order. To use the adjacency operator, separate your search terms with ADJ and a number from 1 to 99. For example, the search physician adj5 relationship retrieves records that contain the words physician and relationship within five words of each other in either direction. This particular search retrieves records containing such phrases as physician patient relationship, patient physician relationship, or relationship of the physician to the patient. |
| Frequency (FREQ) |
x.ab./FREQ=n |
blood.ab./freq=5 |
"Is the accuracy of blood pressure measuring devices underestimated at increasing blood pressure levels?" |
|
The frequency operator (FREQ) lets you specify a threshold of occurrence of a term in the records retrieved from your search. Records containing your search term are retrieved only if the term occurs at least the specified (n) number of times. In general, records that contain many instances of your search term are more relevant than records that contain fewer instances. The frequency operator is particularly useful when searching a text field, such as Abstract or Full Text, for a common word or phrase. |
| Unlimited Truncation ($) |
x$ |
disease$ |
"identify genes responsible for diseases and traits" |
|
Unlimited truncation retrieves all possible suffix variations of the root word indicated. To apply unlimited truncation to a term, type the root word or phrase followed by either of the truncation characters: $ (dollar sign) or : (colon). For example, in the truncated search disease$, Ovid retrieves the word disease as well as the words diseases, diseased, and more. |
| Limited Truncation ($) |
x$n |
dog$1 |
"renal function in healthy dogs" |
|
Limited truncation specifies a maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase. For example, the truncated search dog$1 retrieves results with the words dog and dogs; but it does not retrieve results with the word dogma. |
| Mandated Wildcard (#) |
xx#y |
wom#n |
"serum homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women" |
|
Searching with a mandated wildcard retrieves all possible variations of a word in which the wildcard is present in the specified place. You can use it at the end of a term to limit results to only those that contain the word plus the mandated character. For example, the search dog# retrieves results that contain the word dogs, but not those that contain the word dog, effectively limiting results to only those that contain the plural form of the word. The mandated wild card character (#) is also useful for retrieving specialized plural forms of a word. For example, the search wom#n retrieves results that contain both woman and women. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word. |
| Optional Wildcard (?) |
xx?y |
colo?r |
"Hair changes. Age has effect on color, thickness." |
|
The optional wild card character (?) can be used within or at the end of a search term to substitute for one or no characters. This wild card is useful for retrieving documents with British and American word variants since it specifies that you want retrieval whether or not the extra character is present. For example, the optional wild card search colo?r retrieves results that contain the words color or colour. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word. |
| Literal String ("") |
"x / y" |
"go/no-go" |
"Single trial-based prediction of a go/no-go decision in monkey superior colliculus" |
| "n" |
"3".vo |
"Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine. 3(12):689-92, 2006 Dec." |
|
Quotation marks can be used to retrieve records that contain literal strings,
when the string includes special characters, such as a forward slash (/).
Quotation marks can also be used to retrieve records that contain numbers
that may otherwise be confused for earlier searches. In the example, a
search for 3.vo would limit the string from your third search in your search
history to the volume field. By including the number in quotation marks,
the search will retrieve documents with a 3 in the volume number. |
| Go: Menu or Back |
The following limits are available for this database. See Database Limits in the OvidSP Online Help for details on applying limits.
|
Limit |
Syntax |
| Abstracts |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to abstracts |
| Command Syntax: |
..l/ ab=y |
| |
A limit to Abstracts restricts retrieval to documents which include an abstract. Over 50% of Ovid MEDLINE (R) records after 1975 contain abstracts.
All abstracts included in Ovid MEDLINE (R) are in English and were written by the author(s) of the original article. |
| Age Groups |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to infant
limit 1 to adult
limit 1 to middle aged |
| |
A limit by Age Group restricts retrieval by any of the age groups indexed by NLM. Since only human age groups are indexed, this limit will also restrict retrieval to human subjects.
If you choose this option you will be presented with a list of age groups from which to select. |
All EBMR Article
Reviews |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to all ebmr article reviews |
| |
A limit to All EBMR Article Reviews restricts your retrieval to those articles for which a review exists in either the ACP Journal Club or DARE databases. In other words, the studies and articles have been reviewed by either the ACP Journal Club or BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine publications or by the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination Reviewers at the University of York, England.
Use this limit if you are interested in restricting your retrieval only to reviews of individual studies or articles. |
| Animals |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to animals |
| |
A limit to Animals restricts retrieval to documents which are primarily about animal subjects. It will retain articles about both human and animal subjects. Consider also the Limit to Animal Type, which will allow you to select from a list of common experimental research animals. |
| Animal Types |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to cats
limit 1 to rabbits |
| |
A limit by Animal Type restricts retrieval to any of the basic animal types indexed by NLM.
If you choose this option you will be presented with a short alphabetical list of some common research animal types from which to select.
Consider also the Limit to Animal, which restricts retrieval to documents which are about any animal subject. |
Article Reviews
(DARE) |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to "article reviews (dare)" |
| |
A limit to Article Reviews restricts your retrieval to those articles for which a review exists in the DARE database. Use this limit if you are interested in restricting your retrieval only to reviews of individual studies or articles. |
Article Reviews
(ACP Journal Club) |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to "article reviews (acp journal club)" |
| |
A limit to Article Reviews restricts your retrieval to those articles for which a review exists in the ACP Journal Club database. In other words, the studies and articles have been reviewed by either the ACP Journal Club or BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine publications. Use this limit if you are interested in restricting your retrieval only to reviews of individual studies or articles. |
| CheckTags |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to "male" |
| |
Indexers apply check tags to articles to identify research categories. Categories include research subjects (such as female or adult), research type (such as in vitro), or other specific subject contents of an article. If you choose this option you will be presented with a list of categories from which to select.
Check tags are limited to the following types:
| |
Animals |
|
Male |
| |
Female |
|
Pregnancy |
| |
Humans |
|
|
|
| Clinical Queries |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to "Therapy (sensitivity)" |
| |
|
|
Limiting to Clinical Queries will restrict retrieval clinically sound studies. There are nine categories provided, and the emphasis may be Sensitive (i.e., most relevant articles but probably some less relevant ones), Specific (i.e., mostly relevant articles but probably omitting a few), or Optimized (i.e., the combination of terms that optimizes the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity).
These filters, based on the work of R. Brian Haynes MD, PhD et al. of the Health Information Research Unit (HIRU) at McMaster University, are intended for clinicians. A detailed explanation of the strategies behind these limits can be found at http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/hiru/HIRU_Hedges_MEDLINE_Strategies.aspx.
|
Core Clinical
Journals (AIM) |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to "core clinical journals (aim)" |
|
A limit to Core Clinical Journals will restrict retrieval to the 119 core clinical journals which comprise the Abridged Index Medicus collection.
This is a good way to limit your retrieval to journals more commonly found in hospital and medical library collections. |
| English Language |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to english |
| Command Syntax: |
..l/1 en=y |
| |
A limit to English restricts retrieval to articles which are written in the English language. Foreign language articles with English abstracts will be eliminated by a limit to English. |
| EBM Reviews |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to ebm reviews |
| |
Using the EBM Reviews limits via the pulldown will allow you to 'or' together any of the following limits: Cochrane Topic Reviews, ACP Article Reviews or DARE Article Reviews. |
Evidence Based
Medicine Reviews |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to evidence based medicine reviews |
| |
A limit to Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews restricts your retrieval to those articles or studies that have been included by the Cochrane Collaboration when creating a Topic Review or articles that have been reviewed in the ACP Journal Club or BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine publications or in the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE). This limit will also retrieve the Topic Review itself. By their inclusion in these publications, these studies have met strict Evidence-Based Medicine criteria.
Use this limit to narrow a large search to only those articles or studies which are considered "Evidence-Based" by experts and for which an article or topic review exists. |
| Female |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to female |
| |
A limit to Female restricts retrieval to documents which are about females, either human or animal. |
| Full Text |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to full text |
| |
A limit to Full Text restricts retrieval to those citations for which there is a full text link. Both Ovid full text and external full text are included in this limit. |
| Humans |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to humans |
| Command Syntax: |
..l/1 hu=y |
| |
A limit to Humans restricts retrieval to articles which are about human subjects. If you limit by Age Group you do not need to use this limit. |
| Journal Subsets |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to "core clinical journals (aim)" |
| Command Syntax: |
..l/1 sb=aim |
| |
NLM databases contain several subsets of broad journal categories such as "AIM Journals" or "Dentistry Journals". You can restrict your retrieval to any of these subsets by a limit to journal subset.
If you choose this option you will be presented with an alphabetical list of Journal Subsets from which to select. |
| Languages |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to french |
| Command Syntax: |
..l/1 lg=fre |
| |
A limit to Language restricts retrieval to any of the languages indexed by NLM. If you choose this option you will be presented with an alphabetical list of languages from which to select. |
| Latest Update |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to latest update |
| |
New documents are added to the Ovid MEDLINE (R) database at regular intervals. A limit to latest update restricts retrieval to documents which were most recently added to the database. |
Local Holdings |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to local holdings |
| |
A limit to local holdings will restrict retrieval to documents from journals held in your local library or library system.
If your System Administrator has created any special messages about a journal's availability, this message will display with the document in the Local Holdings (LH) field. |
| Male |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to male |
| |
A limit to Male restricts retrieval to documents which are about males, either human or animal. |
Ovid Full Text
Available |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to Ovid Full Text Available |
| |
A limit to Ovid Full Text Available restricts retrieval to those citations for which an Ovid full text link is available.
When viewing a citation with full text available use the LINK button to display the full text. |
| Pharmacologic Actions |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to pharmacologic actions |
|
A limit to Pharmacologic Actions will restrict your retrieval to all substances known to have a particular pharmacologic action. This includes both MeSH terms and terms for Supplementary Concepts. |
| Publication Types |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to journal article
limit 1 to clinical trial
limit 1 to clinical trial, all
limit 1 to review |
|
A limit by Publication Type restricts retrieval by any of the over forty publication types indexed by NLM, including classifications such as "bibliography", "classical article", "clinical trial", etc. |
| Publication Year |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to yr=2006 |
| Command Syntax: |
..l/1 yr=2006 |
| |
You can restrict retrieval to any of the years which this Ovid MEDLINE (R) segment covers.
If you choose this option you will be prompted to enter the desired year; the format is 4 digits: "1989" or a range: "1994-1995". |
| Review Articles |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to "review articles" |
| |
A limit to Review Articles restricts retrieval to articles which are reviews of a subject. For NLM databases this includes all review types: Review Literature; Review of Reported Cases; Review, Academic; Review, Multicase; and Review, Tutorial. |
| Status |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to MEDLINE
|
| |
Limiting to one of the five Status availble
will restrict your results to those records containing that status according
to the quality control step assigned by NLM.
|
In Data Review |
|
In Process |
|
MEDLINE |
|
OLDMEDLINE |
|
PubMed Not MEDLINE |
|
|
|
| Subject Subsets |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to Dietary Supplements
limit 1 to Veterinary Science |
|
Limiting to Subject Subsets will
restrict retrieval to the specific subject chosen. These Subject Subset
limits are based on the Subset limits in PubMed. If you choose this option
you will be presented with an alphabetical list of Subject Subsets to
choose from.
|
Topic Reviews
(Chochrane) |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to "topic reviews (cochrane)" |
| |
A limit to Topic Reviews restricts your retrieval to those articles and studies which were "included" in the creation of a Cochrane review on a topic. These references will be found in the Cochrane systematic review in the "References to Included Studies" and have met the Cochrane Collaboration's Evidence-Based Medicine criteria for inclusion.
Use this limit if you are interested in restricting your retrieval only to reviews which have been used in the creation of a Cochrane Topic Review. |
| Go: Menu or Back |
| Subject Subset |
| Ovid MEDLINE includes the following limits based on PubMed's subject subsets.
For a detailed explanation of the differences between these limits and the PubMed
strategies, see Ovid
MEDLINE Subject Limits Overview. |
| AIDS |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to AIDS |
| |
A limit to AIDS restricts retrieval to the area
of AIDS. This strategy was based on PubMed's AIDS subset limit, and is available
to online customers only. |
| Bioethics |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to bioethics |
| |
A limit to Bioethics restricts retrieval
to the area of bioethics. This strategy was based on PubMed's Bioethics subset
limit, and is available to online customers only. |
| Cancer |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to cancer |
| |
A limit to Cancer restricts retrieval to the
area of cancer. This strategy was based on PubMed's Cancer subset limit, and
is available to online customers only. |
Complementary
Medicine |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to complementary medicine |
| |
A limit to Complementary Medicine
restricts retrieval to the area of complementary and alternative medicine.
This strategy was based on PubMed's Complementary Medicine subset limit, and
is available to online customers only. |
| Dietary Supplements |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to dietary supplements |
| |
A limit to Dietary Supplements restricts retrieval to documents on the area of dietary supplements. This strategy
was based on PubMed's Dietary Supplements subset limit. |
| History of Medicine |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to history of medicine |
| |
A limit to History of Medicine restricts retrieval to documents on the history of medicine. This strategy
was based on PubMed's History of Medicine subset limit. |
| Space Life Sciences |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to space life sciences |
| |
A limit to Space Life Sciences restricts retrieval to citations of interest to those working in the field
of space life sciences research. This strategy was based on PubMed's Space
Life Sciences subset limit, and is available to online customers only. |
| Systematic Reviews |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to systematic reviews |
| |
A limit to Systematic Reviews restricts retrieval to citations in the area of systematic reviews. This strategy
was based on PubMed's Systematic Reviews subset limit, and is available to
online customers only. |
| Toxicology |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to toxicology |
| |
A limit to Toxicology restricts retrieval
to the area of toxicology. This strategy was based on PubMed's Toxicology
subset limit, and is available to online customers only. |
| Veterinary Science |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to veterinary science |
| |
A limit to Veterinary Science restricts retrieval
to documents on the area of Veterinary Science. This strategy was based on PubMed's Veterinary Science
subset limit. |
There are range limits for both the RD and ED fields. These limits are not
listed in the drop-down menu, however they can be used from the command line.
To run the limits use the following syntax from the command line.
limit 1 to ed=20021001-20021115
limit 1 to rd=20021001-20021115 |
| Go: Menu or Back |
| Clinical Query Limits |
Ovid MEDLINE also offers limits to Clinical Queries. These limits restrict
retrieval to clinically sound studies. There are nine categories provided, and
the emphasis may be Sensitive (as in most relevant articles but probably some
less relevant ones), Specific (as in mostly relevant articles but probably omitting
a few), or Optimized (as in the combination of terms that optimizes the trade-off
between sensitivity and specificity). A detailed explanation of the strategies
behind these limits can be found at http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/hiru/HIRU_Hedges_MEDLINE_Strategies.aspx.
The Clinical Queries are based on the work of R. Brian Haynes MD, PhD et al.
of the Health Information Research Unit (HIRU) at McMaster University, are intended
for clinicians.
Sentence syntax for the limits is as follows.
- limit 1 to "Therapy (sensitivity)"
- limit 1 to "Therapy (specificity)"
- limit 1 to "Therapy (optimized)"
A complete list of queries is available from within the Ovid interface. |
| Go: Menu or Back |
