GETX Genotoxicity

salmonella in getx

... near hamster*

This is one of the fields contained within the Genotoxicity and Other Adverse Effects superfield (ZGEN) which itself is associated with the Genotoxicity and Other Adverse Effects message field (GEAE).

The second search above automatically uses the previous search as a starting point to limit or narrow down the results to studies/reports etc. concerning hamsters.

Genotoxicity testing is carried out to determine the mutagenic and/or carcinogenic potential of a chemical substance. A standard series of tests is carried out under controlled laboratory conditions on an established set of test organisms. A hierarchical system using bacteria, yeasts, cultured human and mammalian cells, in vivo cytogenetic tests in mammals and plant genetics is used to assess the genotoxic potential of the substance under study. Bacteria, unlike mammals, lack the necessary oxidative enzyme systems for metabolising foreign compounds to the electrophilic metabolites capable of reacting with DNA. Therefore, bacteria are treated with the substance under study in the presence of a post-mitochondrial supernatant (S9) prepared from the livers of mammals (usually rats). This fraction is supplemented with essential co-factors to form the S9 mix necessary for activation. DOSE reports published studies: the test organisms, whether metabolic activation (S9) was required, and the result, positive or negative.