Using Limit Fields

Limit fields, when combined with other search terms, are particularly useful for focusing or limiting a search. To search a limit field, use the in or = operators with the field abbreviation, such as 1999 in py or py=1999. Omitting the field label retrieves information from free text (non-limit) fields only.

Country of Publication (CP)

Language of Article (LA)

Language of Summary (LS)

Physical Description (PD)

Publishers Item Identifier (PI)

Publication Type (PT)

Publication Year (PY)

References (RF)

Subject Description Codes (SC)

Update (UD)

For limit fields containing numeric data, you can also use other special operators:

= equal to,

such as py=1990

< less than,

such as py<1991

> greater than,

such as py>1989

<= less than or equal to,

such as py<=1990

>= greater than or equal to,

such as py>=1988

- indicates a range,

such as py=1988-1990