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The Abstract (AB) field contains the abstract text as provided by the author of the source document. Thomson Scientific editors provide abstract text for book main citations, those which describe the book as a whole, and for meeting summary and main cite items, which describe the meeting as a whole.

The Author E-Mail (AE) index contains e-mail addresses of the source document authors. Each e-mail address element is placed into the index separately, so your search should include as many elements as possible (e.g., jane, smith, villanova, and edu). Author E-Mail information displays in the Author (AU) field.

Use All Searchable Fields (AF) to simultaneously search in all fields in this list.

The Accession Number (AN) index contains a unique identifying number for each item. The Accession Number is composed of three elements: a product identification code (BMCD), product year (YYYY), and an item number (nnnnnnnn), as in BMCDYYYYnnnnnnnn.

The Author/Editor/Inventor (AU) index contains the author's name or organization responsible for the source document. The role and e-mail information for the authors are not present in the index but display in the record.

The format for authors is last name followed by one or more initials: Smith James or Smith J. Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name (macdonald or mcdonald), enter one version and then scroll through the list of names to find the other.

The Biosystematic Codes (BC) index contains the Thomson Scientific BIOSIS Biosystematic Code for an organism(s) and the corresponding organism classifier discussed in the source document. The Biosystematic Code will be presented in brackets ([]) followed by the organism classifier. The classifier may also be followed by new taxon, which identifies when new taxa are discussed in the source item.

You can search Biosystematic Codes by name or code; you can also add new taxon to each term. For example, muridae new taxon.bc. or 86375 new taxon.bc.

The Book Author/Editor (BE) index contains the author's name or an individual organization responsible for the source book. The role of the author is not present in the index but displays in the record. Book Author/Editor coverage begins in 1993.

The format for authors is last name followed by first name or initials: Smith James or Smith J. Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name (macdonald or mcdonald) enter one version, then scroll through the list of names to find the other. This field displays in the Source (SO) field.

The Original Language Book Title (non-English) (BO) index contains the non-English title and subtitle of a book. This field does not appear if the source book was published in English or, in the case of titles published in multiple languages, the English language version is the one processed by Thomson Scientific. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

Original Language Book Title coverage begins in 1993.

The Book Title (English) (BT) index contains the English-language version of the book title and subtitle. Literalizations are substituted for special characters and symbols. If the Book Title is the result of a Thomson Scientific translation of a non-English title it appears in square brackets ([]). This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Thomson Scientific BIOSIS Update (BU) index contains the day the record was originally produced by Thomson Scientific. For records produced 1989 to 1997, Thomson Scientific BIOSIS Update contains only the year of production. For items produced from 1998 and later, Thomson Scientific BIOSIS Update contains the month, day, and year of production.

This field displays as part of the Update Code (UP) field.

The Chemicals & Biochemicals (CB) field contains the name of a chemical or biochemical which is described in the source. Each Chemical/Biochemical name could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

• Chemical Variant
• CAS Registry Number
• Drug Modifiers
• Chemical Role
• Chemical Process
• Enzyme Commission number

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example, if the source data is p38 kinase: 165245-96-5, regulation, you can search the phrase p38 kinase.cb. or p38 kinase regulation.cb. to ensure that the modifier regulation refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search. Chemicals & Biochemicals coverage begins in 1993.

The Chemical Role is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Chemical Role in the tool.

The Concept Codes (CC) index contains the five-digit numeric code as well as the code expansions used to represent Thomson Scientific BIOSIS indexing categories.

You can search Concept Codes by either expansion or code. For example, Behavioral Biology Human behavior.cc. or "07004".cc.

Note that concept code groups are routinely uploaded to the first three digits. Entering the first few letters of the full heading or the first few digits of the code in the index is a particularly effective way to search Concept Codes.

Concept Codes are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Concept Codes in the tool.

The Chemical Information (CI) index contains Chemicals & Biochemicals (CB), Gene Name (GN), and Sequence Data (SQ). This is an alias index.

The Patent Class (CL) index contains the class and subclass numbers of the United States Patent Classification Scheme that has been assigned to the source patent by the US Patent Office. Patent Class coverage begins in 1986.

The Country (CY) index contains the corresponding author's country taken from the postal address. In some cases abbreviations are used, for example, USA. Country coverage begins in 1978.

The Date Granted (DG) index contains the date found on the cover of the issue of the Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office from which the source patent was taken. The month is abbreviated for citations published before 2001. Date Granted coverage begins in 1986.

The Date of Publication (DP) field contains the issue year of the journal. Date of Publication is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Diseases (DS) index contains the name of a plant, animal, or human disease, disorder, or pathological condition as discussed in the source document. Each Disease could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

• Disease Variant
• Disease MeSH Term
• Disease Affiliation
• Disease Detail

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example, if the source data is focal epilepsy: (Epilepsy (MeSH)), nervous system disease, diagnosis, you can search the phrase focal epilepsy diagnosis.ds. to ensure that the modifier diagnosis refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.

The Disease affiliations are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Disease Modifiers in the tool. Disease coverage begins in 1998.

The Geopolitical Locations (GE) index describes a location or place mentioned in the source document. Each Geopolitical Location could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

• Geographic Variant
• Geopolitical Terms
• Zoogeographical Region

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example, if the source data is Edmonton: Alberta, Canada, North America, Nearctic region, you can search the phrase edmonton.ge. or edmonton canada.ge. to ensure that the modifier canada refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.

The Geopolitical Terms and Zoogeographical Regions are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Geographic Classifiers in the tool. Geopolitical Locations coverage begins in 1993.

The Gene Name (GN) index contains the name of a gene, gene family, or loci as well as the organism classifier within square brackets ([]), as described in the source document. Each Gene Name could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

• Gene Name Variant
• Gene Detail

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example, if the source data is human ABO gene [Hominidae]: A-1 allele, A-2 allele, B allele, O-1 allele, O-2 allele, you can search the phrase human ABO gene.gn. or human ABO gene hominidae A-1 allele.gn. to ensure that the modifier A-1 allele refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.

Gene Name coverage begins in 2001.

Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every Subject field that includes a particular word or phrase. You may do this by searching the word or phrase word in the Heading Word (HW) field.

Heading Word includes the fields:

• Chemicals & Biochemicals (CB)
• Concept Codes (CC)
• Diseases (DS)
• Gene Name (GN)
• Organisms (OR)
• Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms (PS)
• Registry Numbers (RN)
• Sequence Data (SQ)
• Geopolitical Locations (GE)
• Major Concepts (MC)
• Miscellaneous Descriptors (MI)
• Methods & Equipment (MQ)
• Super Taxa (ST)
• Taxa Notes (TN)
• Time (TM)

Stopwords, which include commonly occurring words such as "of" and "the" will not be indexed. All valid terms in the tool are also included.

The ISBN (IB) index contains the International Standard Book Number that was assigned to the source book or book series by the publisher; it may also contain an indication of which edition of the book the ISBN was assigned to: hardcover, cloth, paperback, and so on. ISBN coverage begins in 1980.

The Institution (IN) index contains the postal address of the corresponding author of the source document, identified by 'Reprint Author.' The Institution is in the language of the source document, and may include the following information: department name or corporate division, institution or organization name, street address, city, town, country, state or province, zip code or postal code, and country. Institution coverage begins in 1978. The information is taken from the source document and is not standardized. Enter the most descriptive word(s) in an institution (harvard, not university). Consider both full spellings and abbreviations.

The Issue (IP) index contains the number of the issue of a serial publication of the source item. Supplement information will also appear here when applicable. The IP field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The ISSN (IS) index contains the International Standard Serial Number assigned to the serial or series title of the source item. The ISSN is nine characters, two sets of numeric characters separated by a hyphen. The ISSN may be followed by a parenthetical note, indicating the edition to which it refers.

The Item URL (IU) field contains the URL address for an item. The format is highly variable, but follows the Internet-common practice for URLs. Item URL coverage begins in 1998.

The Journal URL (JL) field contains the URL address from which a serial publication may be obtained. The format is highly variable, but follows the Internet-common practice for URLs. Journal URL coverage begins in 1998.

The Journal Name (JN) index contains the title of the serial publication of which the source item appears. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

Stopwords such as "of" are included in the JN index, but when "the" is the first word of a journal, it is stripped.

The Journal Word (JX) index contains individual words from every journal name. This field can be used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal which includes a distinctive word or phrase, such as "forestry." The search archives of internal medicine.jx. will retrieve both "Archives of Internal Medicine" and "Japanese Archives of Internal Medicine." Since a single heavily-posted word such as "journal" will search slowly, include such a word within a phrase from the title when appropriate. For example, if you are looking for a title with "pharmaceutical journal," enter the phrase in one search statement rather than searching "journal" and then "pharmaceutical" and then combining the two.

Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included.

The Languages (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of an article. This field may contain up to 10 language names. Language coverage begins in 1978.

The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by your Ovid System administrator to indicate holdings information about journals held in your library or institution.

The Literature Type (LT) index contains one or more terms which describe the type of content of the source document.

The Major Concepts (MC) index indicates the broad subject area discussed in the source item. Terms following the colon indicate the broader subject areas.

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example, if the source data is Allergy: Clinical Immunology, Human Medicine, Medical Sciences, you can search the phrase allergy.mc. or allergy medical sciences.mc. to ensure that the modifier medical sciences refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.

Major Concepts are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Major Concept Terms in the tool.

The Meeting Information (MF) index contains the title, location, date or date range of a scientific meeting or conference described in the item or from which the item was taken.

Meeting Title coverage begins in 1969; Location and Date coverage begins in 1993.

The Miscellaneous Descriptors (MI) field contains terms and phrases or names taken from the source document. Qualifiers may also be listed after the colon. These entries are not specific to any of the other index lists. Records from 1969 to 1992 contain all indexing terms in a single upper case entry.

An MP search will be executed when mapping is turned off, as a default for unqualified searches. The fields included in the search are:

• Book Title (BT)
• Book Original Title (BO)
• Abstract (AB)
• Biosystematic Codes (BC)
• Chemicals & Biochemical (CB)
• Concept Codes (CC)
• Diseases (DS)
• Geopolitical Locations (GE)
• Gene Name (GN)
• Major Concepts (MC)
• Methods & Equipment (MQ)
• Miscellaneous Descriptors (MI)
• Organisms (OR)
• Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms (PS)
• Sequence Data (SQ)
• Super Taxa (ST)
• Time (TM)
• Taxa Notes (TN), and
• Title (TI).

The Methods & Equipment (MQ) index contains terms describing a method, apparatus or scientific technique discussed in the source document. Each term could be followed by one of more of the following modifiers:

• Equipment Type
• Methods & Equipment Detail
• Methods & Equipment Role
• Methods & Equipment Supplier
• Methods & Equipment Variant

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example, if the source data is cryopreservation: preservation method, efficacy, clinical trial, preservation, you can search the phrase cryopreservation.mq. or cryopreservation efficacy.mq. to ensure that the modifier efficacy refers to the term of interest.

The geopolitical terms and zoogeographic regions are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Geographic Classifiers in the tool.

The Organisms (OR) index contains the name of an organism as given by the author(s) of the source document. Each organism name could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

• Developmental Stage
• Fossil Indicator
• Gender
• Organism Classifier
• Organism Detail
• Organism New Taxon
• Organism Role
• Organism Variant
• Organism Variant Type of Name
• Type of Name

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example, if the source data is Sprague-Dawley rat: adult, male [Muridae], you can search the phrase sprague-dawley rat.or. or sprague-dawley rat male.or. to ensure that the modifier male refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search. Organisms coverage begins in 1993.

Taxonomic levels are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Type of Name, Organism New Taxon is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary New Taxon Modifiers, Developmental Stages are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Developmental Stage, Organism Role is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Organism Role, Fossil Indicator is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Fossil Modifiers and Gender is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Gender in the tool.

The Original Title (non-English) (OT) field contains the non-English title of an item (both main and subtitles), and is primarily used for books. This field is optional for all item types and will not appear if the source document was written in English. Literalizations are substituted for special characters and symbols. The title appears in upper and lower case with natural-language punctuation and ends with a period, question mark, parentheses, brackets, or exclamation point. The title may be transliterated and, therefore, may include one or more embedded double quotation marks. This occurs most often in Bulgarian transliterated titles.

Original Title (non-English) coverage begins in 1998.

The Patent Assignee (PA) field contains the name of the person or organization to whom the rights to the patent have been assigned. This field is optional for patents. The data appears in upper and lower case, and lists the name of the assignee, the assignee's city, and the assignee's country when available. Patent Assignee coverage begins in 1986.

The Patent Country (PC) index contains the name of the country in which the patent was granted. Patent Country coverage begins in 1986.

The Pagination (PG) index contains the total or inclusive pagination for the source document.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Publisher Information (PI) index contains the name and address of the publisher who produced the source book. The information is not standardized. Enter the single most descriptive word in an institution (heart not association). Consider both full spellings and abbreviations. Publisher Information coverage begins in 1993.

The Patent Number (PN) index contains an abbreviation indicating the patent granting country followed by the patent number assigned by the granting agency.

Patent Number coverage begins in 1986.

The Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms (PS) field contains components of organisms above the macromolecular level as discussed in the source document. Each Part, Structure and System of Organisms could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

• Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms Variant
• Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms Organ System
• Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms Detail

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example, if the source data is gastrocnemius muscle: muscular system, ultrastructure, you can search the phrase gastrocnemius muscle.ps. or gastrocnemius muscle ultrastructure.ps. to ensure that the modifier ultrastructure refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.

The Organ Systems are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Organ System Modifiers in the tool.

Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms coverage begins in 1998.

The Publication Type (PT) index contains one or more terms used to describe the type of the source document.

The Registry Numbers (RN) index contains five- to nine-digit CAS Registry Numbers (R) and chemical names for the chemicals discussed in the source document. Beginning in 1993, Registry Numbers display with their main terms either in the Chemicals and Biochemicals (CB) field or the Sequence Data (SQ) field.

The Record Owner (RO) field indicates the original producer of the item as well as the copyright holder.

The Series ISBN (SB) field contains the International Standard Book Number that was assigned to the book series. Series ISBN coverage begins in 1980.

The Serials Title (SE) contains the name of the series that the book or item was issued as part of. The Series Title is indexed under Title (TI) and displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Series ISSN (SI) field contains the International Standard Serial Number assigned to the series. The ISSN is nine characters, two sets of numeric characters separated by a hyphen.

Series ISSN coverage begins in 1980.

The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the full Journal Name (JN), Book Title (BT) or Monograph Publisher, the Volume (VO), Issue (IP), Pagination (PG), Date of Publication (DP), Book Author/Editor (BE), Original Language Book Title (BO), and Year of Publication (YR). The Source field also displays the Series Title (SE) and Series Volume (SV) information.

The Meeting Sponsor (SP) index contains the name of an organization that supported or funded the scientific meeting.

The Sequence Data (SQ) index contains an accession number for a molecular sequence as assigned by a databank and as cited in the source document. Each Sequence Data number could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

• Molecular Sequence Database
• CAS Registry Number (R)
• Sequence Detail

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being index separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example, if the source data is AF006664: DDBJ, EMBL, GenBank, 194330-44-4, amino acid sequence, nucleotide sequence, you can search the phrase af006664.sq. or af006664 amino acid sequence.sq. You can search the modifiers separately or search a term and modifier as a phrase to ensure that the modifier amino acid sequence refers to the term of interest.

Sequence Detail is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Sequence Type Modifiers in the tool.

The Super Taxa (ST) index contains the organism classifier and corresponding Thomson Scientific BIOSIS Biosystematic Code followed by the high-level taxonomic terms. This permits retrieval of items that refer to broad categories of organisms, including microorganisms. Super Taxa are presented in order from lowest level taxa to highest.

The Super Taxa is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Super Taxa Terms in the tool.

The Series Volume (SV) field contains the volume number or other sequential designation of the source book. The Series Volume field is indexed under Volume (VO) and displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Title (TI) index contains the English-language title that is described within the citation. Literalizations are substituted for special characters and symbols, such as 'alpha' for Greek letter alpha and 'fwdarw' for a forward arrow.

Stopwords such as "of" or "the" display in documents but do not appear in the TI index. However, the word "a," which is a stopword in other fields, CAN be searched in titles.

The Time (TM) index contains a geological time period or era mentioned in the source document. Each geological time period could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

• Geologic Time Classifier
• Geologic Time Detail

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms of search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example, if the source data is Quaternary: Cenozoic, you can search the phrase quaternary.tm. or quaternary cenozoic.tm. to ensure that the modifier cenozoic refers to the term of interest.

The Geologic Time Classifiers are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Geologic Time Classifier in the tool.

Time coverage begins in 1993.

The Taxa Notes (TN) index contains the organism classifier followed by common names of broad groups of organisms and microorganisms discussed in the source document.

The Taxa Notes are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Taxa Note Terms in the tool.

The Textword (TW) index includes all of the fields in a database which contain text words and are appropriate for a subject search.

The Textword index includes Abstract (AB), Heading Words (HW), Miscellaneous Descriptors (MI), Methods & Equipment (MQ), Sequence Data (SQ), and Title (TI).

The URL (UR) index contains all the electronic URL address present in the Journal URL (JL) and Item URL (IU) fields. The format is highly variable, but follows the Internet-common practice for URLs.

The Update Code (UP) field contains a six-digit number indicating the year and week of the update. The format is YYYYWW, where WW indicates the week in which the document was added. For example, 200716 signifies the 16th week of 2007.

The Volume (VO) index contains the volume number or other sequential designation of the serial publication of the source item. This index also includes the Series Volume information. Volume is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Year of Publication (YR) index contains the publication year as it appears within the source document.

Full Text

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