Ovid Technologies Field Guide


Clinical Evidence

Scope | General Information | Clinical Evidence Fields | Advanced Searching
Stopwords | Clinical Evidence Limits | Changing to Clinical Evidence From Another Database
Sample Clinical Evidence Documents | Clinical Evidence Copyright Information | Updated

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Scope

Clinical Evidence from the BMJ Publishing Group is the international source of the best available evidence for effective health care. It promotes informed decision making about hundreds of medical conditions and thousands of treatments.

Clinical Evidence summarizes the current state of knowledge and uncertainty about the prevention and treatment of clinical conditions, based on thorough searches and appraisal of the literature. It is neither a textbook of medicine nor a set of guidelines. It describes the best available evidence from systematic reviews, RCTs (randomized controlled trials) and observational studies where appropriate, and if there is no good evidence, it says so.

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General Information

Producer
     

BMJ Publishing Group Limited
BMA House
Tavistock Square,
London
WC1H 9JP
+44 (0)20 7383 6270 (UK)
+1 800 373 2897 (US)
Website: http://www.clinicalevidence.com
Email: subscriptions@bmjgroup.com

Default Fields for Unqualified Searches
  Byline Text (BT) Full Text (TX)  
Natural Language Search Fields [also Elements of the Full Text (TX) Field]
  Book Title Word (BW) Chapter Title (TC) Pagination (PG)
  Byline Text (BT) Division Title (TD) Question and Answer (QA)
  Caption Text (CT) Heading Title (HD) References (RF)
  Chapter Author (CH) Institution (IN)  
All Display/Print Fields
  Accession Number (AN) Book Title (TI) Publication Type (PT)
  Book Author Alternate Format (AO) Chapter Author (CH) Publisher (PU)
  Author (AU) Edition Statement (ET) Subject Category (TS)
  Book Editor (ED) ISBN (IB) Update Code (UP)
  Book Editor Alternate Format (EF) ISSN (IS) Year of Publication (YR)
  Book Subset (SB) Language (LG)  
  Book Text Excerpt (XP) Location of Publisher (LC)  
Default Display/Print Fields
  Author (AU) Edition Statement (ET) Publisher (PU)
  Book Editor (ED) ISBN (IB) Subject Category (TS)
  Book Subset (SB) ISSN (IS) Update Code (UP)
  Book Text Excerpt (XP) Language (LG) Year of Publication (YR)
  Book Title (TI) Location of Publisher (LC)  
  Chapter Author (CH) Publication Type (PT)  
Bibliographic Fields
Bibliographic Fields use a metadata search to retrieve an entire title. Results from such searches
link to the very first word of the retrieved book. Note that results from bibliographic field searches
will not include a chapter author, chapter title or passage.
  All Titles (AT) Book Title Word (BW) Publication Type (PT)
  Author (AU) Edition Statement (ET) Publisher (PU)
  Book Editor (ED) ISBN (IB) Subject Category (TS)
  Book Subset (SB) ISSN (IS) Year of Publication (YR)
  Book Title (TI) Language (LG)  
Passage Excerpt Fields
Passage Excerpt Fields retrieve text from within the book. Results from such searches link to
spans of text within the retrieved book. Note that results from full text field searches will include
chapter, author, and/or chapter title, and/or passage.
  Byline Text (BT) Division Title (TD) Institution (IN)
  Caption Text (CT) Front Matter (FM) Pagination (PG)
  Chapter Author (CH) Full Text (TX) Question and Answer (QA)
  Chapter Title (TC) Heading Title (HD) References (RF)
Update Frequency
  Monthly
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Clinical Evidence Fields

The following list is sorted alphabetical by field alias. Click a fieldname to see the description and search information.

Field Name Label   Field Name Label
All Titles AT   Full Text TX
Author AU   Heading Title HD
Book Author Alternate Format AO   Institution IN
Book Editor ED   ISBN IB
Book Editor Alternate Format EF   ISSN IS
Book Subset SB   Language LG
Book Text Excerpt XP   Location of Publisher LC
Book Title TI   Pagination PG
Book Title Word BW   Publication Type PT
Byline Text BT   Publisher PU
Caption Text CT   Question and Answer QA
Chapter Author CH   References RF
Chapter Title TC   Subject Category TS
Division Title TD   Update Code UP
Edition Statement ET   Year of Publication YR
Front Matter FM      

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The following list is sorted alphabetically by the two-letter label, and includes the relevant alias, at least one example for all searchable Clinical Evidence fields, and a brief description of the field.


Label Name / Example
AT All Titles [Word Indexed]

A search of the at alias will retrieve information from Book Title Word (BW), Heading Title (HD), Chapter Title (TC) and Division Title (TD).

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AO Book Author Alternate Format [Display Only]

Book Author Alternate Format (AO) contains the primary and contributing or secondary authors, as noted in the front matter of the book.

Book Author Alternate Format (AO) names appear in the format of first name followed by middle and last names.

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AU Author [Phrase Indexed]
dahl mark v.au.
Book Author (AU) contains the primary and contributing or secondary authors, as noted in the front matter of the book.

Book Author names are phrase indexed and appear in the format of last name followed by first and middle names, or last name followed by up to two initials.

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BT Byline Text [Word Indexed]
editor.bt.
The Byline Text (BT) field contains miscellaneous information about contributors to a book. Information about grants, dates of publisher acceptance, etc. may be included in this field.
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BW Book Title Word [Word Indexed]
clinical.bw.
The Book Title (BW) Word field contains a word indexed version of the original title of the book as it appears with the publication.
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CH Chapter Author [Phrase Indexed]
aaron cynthia k.ch.
The Chapter Author (CH) index includes the names of all individuals or groups who contributed to the creation of a section of the book.

Author names are phrase indexed and appear in the format of last name followed by first and middle names, or last name followed by up to two initials. Chapter Authors can also be searched under the All Authors (AA) alias.

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CT Caption Text [Word Indexed]
abdomen.ct.
The Caption Text (CT) index contains descriptive caption information that accompanies any graphic which appears in the publication.
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ED Book Editor [Phrase Indexed]
barry beth.ed.

The Book Editor (ED) index includes the names of all individual(s) responsible for the editorial work in a book. Editors are typically listed in the front matter of a book.

Searching the Book Editor field also finds Secondary Editors, such as individual(s) responsible for the technical editorial work and management in a textbook. Secondary Editors are typically listed in the first pages of the textbook (usually on the same page as the copyright statement). Types of Secondary Editors include Managing Editors, Production Coordinators/Managers, Copy Editors, Designers, Illustration Planners, Project Editors/Managers, Acquisitions Editors, Sponsoring Editors, Developmental Editors, Assistants, Indexers, Compositors, Printers, and others.

Book Editor names are phrase indexed and appear in the format of last name followed by first and middle names, or last name followed by up to two initials.

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EF Book Editor Alternate Format [Display Only]

The Book Editor Alternate Format (EF) index includes the names of all individual(s) responsible for the editorial work in a book. Editors are typically listed in the front matter of a book.

Book Editor Alternate Format names appear in the format of first name followed by middle and last names.

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ET Edition Statement [Phrase Indexed]
9th edition.et.
The Edition Statement (ET) field specifies the number of revisions since the original publication.
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FM Front Matter [Word Indexed]
idiopathic.fm.
The Front Matter (FM) field contains miscellaneous text in the first pages of the textbook. Front matter text tends to include disclaimer information, dedications, acknowledgements, prefaces, and the like.
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HD Heading Title [Word Indexed]
epidemiology.hd.
authors.hd.

The Heading Title (HD) field contains all the table of contents titles included in the main body of the text below the level of the chapter title. Heading titles may include Editors, Chapter or Section Authors, Abbreviation, and other section headings typically found in textbooks, or may include book-specific headings.

For instance, a chapter on endocrinology might include a 1st level heading, 'Diabetes' to identify the diabetes section and second level headings such as Epidemiology, Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-up. Information on the etiology of diabetes could be retrieved from such a book by searching "diabetes and etiology".hd.

Heading Titles display as part of the Full Text (TX) field.

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IB ISBN [Phrase Indexed]
0 781 72229 2.ib.
ISBN (IB) is an optional field that specifies the International Standard Book Number. Assigned by the International Standard Book Number Agency, it is typically a 10 to 12-digit number that corresponds to the name of the book.
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IN Institution [Word Indexed]
oxford.in.
The Institution Field (IN) lists the affiliation(s) of the editors, authors, and contributors as noted at the time of publication. The IN field in indexed only. The mailing address is often given, as are the names of the institutions and other contact information.

Enter a descriptive word or phrase found in the institution name or address (e.g. "harvard," not "university"). Consider using both full spellings and standard abbreviations.

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IS ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
1089 5302.is.
The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number of the publication. It is an 8-digit number or combination of numbers and letters, separated by a hyphen (xxxx-xxxx) which corresponds to the name of the publication.
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LC Location of Publisher [Display Only]
The Location of Publisher (LC) field contains the geographical location of the publishing headquarters.
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LG Language [Phrase Indexed]
english.lg.
The Language (LG) field contains the language or languages in which the main body of the document is written.
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PG Pagination [Phrase Indexed]
301.pg.
The Pagination (PG) index contains every page number that is listed in a book and can be used to quickly locate a passage or citation.
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PT Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
text reference.pt.
The Publication Type (PT) field describes a document's overall form and substance in broad categories. These publication types are assigned by Ovid Technologies in order to unify the differing document types used by various publishers.

Available publication type are defined as follows.

  • Atlas: Books in which figures comprise the primary or one of the primary content types and where the text tends to support the images.
  • Clinical Manual/Handbook/Quick Reference: Books that provide concise and easily assimilated and generally practical information on subjects such as diseases, drugs, and clinical
    management and are organized for easy access using devices such as bullets, outlines and/or standard headings.
  • Drug Reference: Books that are primarily focused on drugs, herbs (medications, etc.) and their usages, dosages, etc. These are typically but not always presented in a monographic format.
  • Nursing Practice: Books that are primarily focused on nursing diagnosis, interventions, and/or evaluation, as related to direct care, consultation, and/or quality assurance for both general as well as
    specialty practice.
  • Text/Reference: Books that serve as standard sources for a specialty, subspecialty, discipline or other broad topic. Such texts are often used as sources for academic, training and/or for
    continuing education courses.
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PU Publisher [Phrase Indexed]
oxford university press.pu.
The Publisher Field (PU) contains the name of the company who holds the copyright for the book. Usually, this is the same company responsible for the publication of the material.
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QA Question and Answer [Word Indexed]
haemophilus.qa.
laboratories.qa.
The Question and Answer (QA) index allows searching of information that is presented as a multiple choice test, study question section, or essay question. The index includes the questions, optional answers, and usually the correct answers when they are provided.
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RF References [Word Indexed]
baboons.rf.
The References Field (RF) includes bibliographic citations for publications cited by the authors of the document.
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SB Book Subset [Phrase Indexed]
clinical medicine.sb.
The Book Subset (SB) field indicates one or more general areas of interest that the book covers.
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TC Chapter Title [Word Indexed]
gastritis.tc.
The Chapter Title (TC) field contains information relating to the original title of the book chapter as it appears with the publication.
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TD Division Title [Word Indexed]
abnormalities.td.
The Division Title (TD) field contains information relating to sections within a book.
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TI Book Title [Phrase Indexed]
Bonica's Management of Pain.ti.
The Book Title (TI) field contains information relating to the original title and subtitle of the document as it appears with the publication.
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TS Subject Category [Phrase Indexed]
allergy & immunology.ts.
endocrinology.ts.

The Subject Category (TS) field allows the user to browse through the list of subject categories. Depending on a book's subject matter, it will be assigned to one or more categories.

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TX Full Text [Word Indexed] (BT, BW, CH, CT, HD, IN, PG, QA, RF, TC, TD )
implantation.tx.
The Full Text (TX) field contains the complete body of the book and any back of the book resources, such as indices or appendices. This field allows you to retrieve all documents with even the most passing mention of your search term.

Since this field contains such a large quantity of diverse information, most searches for a specific subject will result in retrieval of higher relevance if conducted in the Chapter Title (TC) or Division Title (TD) fields. Note that metadata such as book title, editor, ISBN, and publisher must all be searched separately, as they are not included in TX. Additionally, front matter is not included in TX as it is indexed separately in the Front Matter (FM) field.

Searching TX will search the Byline Text (BT), Book Title Word (BW), Chapter Author (CH), Caption Text (CT), Heading Title (HD), Institution (IN), Pagination (PG), Question and Answer (QA), References (RF), Chapter Title (TC), and Division Title (TD) fields.

Stopwords, which include commonly occurring words such as "of" and "the" will display in the documents but do not appear in the Full Text index.

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UP Update Code [Word Indexed]
20040401.up.

The Update Code (UP) field contains a 8-digit number representing the year, month and day (in YYYYMMDD format) in which documents were published in this database.

Enter the desired date in the format "YYYYMMDD" where "YYYY" corresponds to the 4-digit year, "MM" to the 2-digit month and "DD" to the day. Use truncation"199711$.up." or "1997$.up." to retrieve all the records added in a particular month or year.

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XP Book Text Excerpt [Display Only]
The Book Text Excerpt (XP) field displays specific information for the chapter in which a search result was retrieved, including the chapter title, authors, and an excerpt from the text.
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YR Year of Publication [Word Indexed]
"2004".yr.
The Year (YR) field represents the year in which the document was copyrighted or published.
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Advanced (Keyword) Searching

You can use special words and symbols to combine search terms and refine a keyword search. For efficient searching, use the most appropriate operator from the list below to combine search terms. For more information on these and other searching techniques, including command line syntax searching, refer to the Ovid Gateway Help.

Operator Syntax Example Results
OR OR vitamin c or ascorbic acid Retrieves records that contain either term or both terms.
AND AND HPV and cancer Retrieves records that contain both terms.
NOT NOT autism not aspergers Retrieves records that contain the first term but not the second term.
ADJ ADJ cancer HPV Retrieves records that contain both terms, in order, and adjacent in the same sentence.
  ADJn patterning adj3 embryo Retrieves records that contain both terms, in either order, with n number of words between. The example will retrieve records containing the phrase, "Patterning the sea urchin embryo".
FREQ x.fd./FREQ=n blood.tx./freq=5 Retrieves records that contain n occurances of the term in the specified field. The example will retrieve records containing the word "blood," at least five times in the Full Text (tx) field.
$ x$ rat$

The unlimited truncation symbol, $, retrieves records that contain the search term and all possible suffix variations of a root word. The example will retrieve records containing words such as rat, rats, rate, rationalize, ratify, etc.

  x$n dog$1 The limited truncation symbol, $n, Retrieves records that contain the search term and all possible suffix variations of a root word with the maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase, specified by n.The example will retrieve records containing words such as dog and dogs, but not dogma.
#  # wom#n The mandated wildcard symbol, #, retrieves records that contain the search term with substituted character(s) in the specified locations. The example will retrieve records containing woman and women.
?  ? colo?r The optional wildcard symbol, ?, retrieves records that contain the search term with either no characters substituted, or with substituted character(s) in the specified locations. The example will retrieve records containing color and colour.

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Stopwords

Words of little intrinsic meaning that occur too frequently to be useful in searching text are known as stopwords. You cannot search for the following stopwords by themselves, but you can include them within phrases by placing the entire phrase within quotation marks.

a can how no seem through
about could however nor seen thus
after did if not several to
again do in now should under
all does into obtain show up
almost done is obtained showed upon
also during it of shown use
although each its often shows used
always either itself on significant using
among enough just only significantly various
an especially kg or since very
and etc km other so was
another followed largely our some we
any following like out such were
approximately for made over suggest what
are found mainly overall than when
as from make per that whereas
at further may perhaps the which
be give might possible their while
because given min previously theirs with
been giving mm quite them within
before had more rather then without
being hardly most really there would
between has mostly regarding these  
both have must resulted they  
but having nearly resulting this  
by here neither same those  
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Change to Clinical Evidence from Another Database

Command Syntax: ..c/clev
Sentence Syntax: use clev

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Clinical Evidence Producer Copyright Information

© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2005. All rights reserved.

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Field Guide Updated May 26, 2005

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