Ovid Technologies Field Guide


Drug Information Full Text (DIFT)

Table of Contents:
Scope | General Information | Searching the Fields | Advanced Searching
Stopwords | Limits | Changing to DIFT From Another Database
Sample Documents | Copyright Information | Updated


Read about the DIFT database in the Release News!

Scope

Drug Information Full Text (DIFT) contains the complete text of evaluative monographs from AHFS Drug Information and the Handbook on Injectable Drugs. DIFT contains detailed information on virtually every single-drug entity available in the United States, including some investigational drugs and intravenous infusion solutions as well as commercial drugs. Data on concentration, usage, stability, pH, dosage, administration, compatability, chemistry, pharmacology, interactions and toxicity are included.

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General Information

Producer
      American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
7272 Wisconsin Ave.
Bethesda, MD 20814
301-657-3000
Years of Coverage
  Current Edition

Segments
  DRUG
  The limit of databases that you can select for a multifile search session is based upon database segments rather than actual databases. The Ovid multifile segment limit is set at 120 to avoid impacting your search sessions. This database includes 1 segments.
Default Fields for Unqualified Searches
  Descriptors (DE) Section Heading (SH) Title (TI)
  Generic Drug Name (GN) Synonyms (SY)  
  Primary Text (TX) Table Headings (TH)  
All Display/Print Fields
  Accession Number (AN) References (CR) Therapeutic Classification (TC)
  CAS Registry Number (RN) Section Heading (SH) Title (TI)
  Descriptors (DE) Source (SO) Trade Name Manufacturer (TN)
  Drug Information (DI) Synonyms (SY) Update Code (UP)
  Generic Drug Name (GN) Table Data (TA)  
  Primary Text (TX) Table Headings (TH)  
Default Fields for Display/Print Fields
  Accession Number (AN) Source (SO) Trade Name Manufacturer (TN)
  CAS Registry Number (RN) Synonyms (SY) Update Code (UP)
  Generic Drug Name (GN) Title (TI)  
Online Update Frequency
  Bi-annually

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Searching the Drug Information Full Text Fields

The following list is sorted alphabetical by field alias. Click a field name to see the description and search information.

Field Name Label   Field Name Label
Accession Number AN   Source SO
CAS Registry Number RN   Synonyms SY
Copyright CP   Table Data TA
Descriptors DE   Table Headings TH
Drug Information DI   Therapeutic Classification TC
Generic Drug Name GN   Title TI
Primary Text TX   Trade Name Manufacturer TN
References CR   Update Code UP
Section Heading SH      

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The following list is sorted alphabetically by the two-letter label, and includes the relevant alias, at least one example for all searchable Drug Information Full Text fields, and a description of the field.

Label Name / Example
AN

Accession Number [Phrase Indexed]
"582179".an.

The Accession Number (AN) field contains a unique number which identifies the monograph.

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CP

Copyright [Display Only]

The Copyright (CP) field contains copyright information.

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CR

References [Word Indexed]
hardy.cr.

The References (CR) field contains a list of references cited in the monograph.

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DE

Descriptors [Word and Phrase Indexed]
57 administration route.de.
57.de.
"00-1".de.
administration route.de.

The Descriptors (DE) field contains the Concept Code and its equivalent controlled Subject term. The codes are drawn from the Handbook on Injectable Drugs (HID) and AHFS Drug Information monographs, and are used to group documents by subject matter. You can search by either the descriptor term or the two-digit concept code. The Descriptor can be searched with or without a hyphen.

The following is a list of Descriptor codes and terms:

00-1 Generic Drug Name 49 General statement
00-3 Reference to concurrent therapy with another drug 50 Dosage and Administration
00-8 Active metabolite 51 Special instructions
05 Product specific information 52 Dosage regimen
10 Chemistry 53 not used
11 Chemical Description 54 not used
12 Constants (pKa, ionization, etc) 55 Age/Dose relation
13 Physical Description 56 Physiological defect/dosage (hepatic/renal)
14 Solubility 57 Administration/Route
15 pH 58 Dosage equivalency
16 Temperature (melting point, etc) 59 General statement
17 Osmolarity/osmolality 60 Adverse reaction (side effect)
18 Structure/activity 61 Toxicity
19 General statement 62 Sensitivity (allergies, photosens., etc.)
20 Therapy, Pharmacotherapy, Microbiology 63 Dependence and addiction
21 Nonapproved or investigational use 64 Precautions and contraindications/Advice to Patients
22 Therapy/Use 65 Fetal toxicity
23 Methodology 66 Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity
24 Mechanism of Action 67 not used
25 Effect of age 68 Treatment (and antidote)
26 Microbiology (general) 69 General statement
27 Spectrum (definitive) 70 Interactions
28 Resistance and cross resistance 71 Interaction mechanism
29 General statement 72 not used
30 Stability 73 not used
31 Expiration date description 74 not used
32 Drug compatibility 75 not used
33 Vehicle compatibility 76 Lab test interaction
34 Storage and environment 77 Drug interaction
35 Filter, adm. Set compatibility 78 Food interaction
36 Additive compatibility 79 General statement
37 Syringe additive 80 Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
38 Container compatibility 81 Absorption
39 General statement 82 Distribution
40 Preparation (Dosage Form) 83 Elimination
41 Other chemical, ion, or ingredient 84 Biopharmaceutics (effect of form)
42 Combination 85 Blood or CSF levels
43 Dosage form, strength, concentration 86 Kinetics
44 Container (discussion) 87 Lactation
45 Reconstitution (technique) 88 Placental transfer
46 Contamination 89 General statement
47 Route 90 Cross references
48 Legal Description
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DI

Drug Information [Word Indexed]
hydrochloride.di.

The Drug Information (DI) field contains information about the drug including:

  • CHEMICAL NAME - contains the chemical name of a drug.
  • MOLECULAR FORMULA – contain the molecular formula of a drug.
  • INVESTIGATIONAL DRUG NO - contains the name that was assigned to a drug during its investigational phase and often appears in early published references. Investigational drug names usually are in alpha-numeric format. Inclusion of this field does not necessarily mean that the drug is currently an investigational drug. Often, the reference is to a name that existed for a drug prior to assigning the USAN (United States Adopted Names) generic name.
  • ABBREVIATED NAME - contains a common acronym, often derived from the chemical name, which describes the drug.
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GN Generic Drug Name [Word Indexed]
pentobarbital.gn.
The Generic Drug Name (GN) field contains the nonproprietary name of a therapeutic substance.
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RN

CAS Registry Number [Word Indexed]
64485.rn.

The CAS Registry Number (RN) field contains the unique Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number for a drug. You can search in this field with or without hyphens.

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SH Section Heading [Word Indexed]
drug interactions.sh.
The Section Heading (SH) field contains all of the Section Headings and SubHeadings that appear throughout the Primary Text (TX) field.
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SO

Source [Word Indexed]
injectable drugs.so.

The Source (SO) field indicates whether the drug monograph is from the AHFS Drug Information or the Handbook on Injectable Drugs (HID).

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SY Synonyms [Word Indexed] example:
macrophage.sy.
The Synonym (SY) field contains a synonymous name for generic drug names that are not actual trade names. Synonyms include previous generic names, BAN (British Adopted Names) names, INN (International Nonproprietary Name) names, and other common names. For example, "Deadly Nightshade" is a synonym for "Belladona".
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TA

Table Data [Word Indexed] example:
antifungal.ta.

The Table Data (TA) field contains the data that appears in the monograph table.

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TC

Therapeutic Classification [Word Indexed]
28.tc.
28-08.tc.
anesthetics.tc.

The Therapeutic Classification (TC) field contains the AHFS Drug Classification Number preceded by the text description of the AHFS Number. The Classification Number can be searched with or without a hyphen.

The following is a list of AHFS Drug Classification Numbers and Descriptions:

04-00 Antihistamine Drugs 36-88-28 Protein
08-00 Anti-infective agents 36-88-40 Sugar
08-04 Amebicides 38-00 Disinfectants (agents for objects other than skin)
08-08 Anthelmintics 40-00 Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance
08-12 Antibiotics 40-04 Acidifying Agents
08-12-02 Aminoglycosides 40-08 Alkalinizing Agents
08-12-04 Antifungal Antibiotics 40-10 Ammonia Detoxicants
08-12-06 Cephalosporins 40-12 Replacement Preparations
08-12-07 Miscellaneous beta-Lactam Antibiotics 40-16 Sodium-Removing Resins
08-12-08 Chloramphenicol 40-17 Calcium-Removing Resins
08-12-12 Macrolides 40-18 Potassium-Removing Resins
08-12-16 Penicillins 40-20 Caloric Agents
08-12-24 Tetracyclines 40-24 Salt and Sugar Substitutes
08-12-28 Miscellaneous Antibiotics 40-28 Diuretics
08-16 Antituberculosis Agents 40-28-10 Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
08-18 Antivirals 40-36 Irrigating Solutions
08-20 Antimalarial Agents 40-40 Uricosuric Agents
08-22 Quinolones 44-00 Enzymes
08-24 Sulfonamides 48-00 Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytic Agents
08-26 Sulfones 48-08 Antitussives
08-28 Antitreponemal Agents 48-16 Expectorants
08-32 Antitrichomonal Agents 48-24 Mucolytic Agents
08-36 Urinary Anti-Infectives 52-00 Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat (EENT) Preparations
08-40 Miscellaneous Anti-Infectives 52-04 Anti-Infectives
10-00 Antineoplastic Agents 52-04-04 Antibiotics
12-00 Autonomic Drugs 52-04-05 Antifungals
12-04 Parasympathomimetic 52-04-06 Antivirals
12-08 Anticholinergic Agents 52-04-08 Sulfonamides
12-08-04 Antiparkinsonian Agents 52-04-12 Misc- Anti-Infectives
12-08-08 Antimuscarinics/Antispasmodics 52-08 Anti-Inflammatory Agents
12-12 Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents 52-10 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
12-16 Sympatholytic (Adrenergic Blocking) Agents 52-12 Contact Lens Solutions
12-20 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 52-16 Local Anesthetics
12-92 Miscellaneous Autonomic Drugs 52-20 Miotics
16-00 Blood Derivatives 52-24 Mydriatics
20-00 Blood Formation and Coagulation 52-28 Mouthwashes and Gargles
20-04 Antianemia Drugs 52-32 Vasoconstrictors
20-04-04 Iron Preparations 52-36 Miscellaneous EENT Drugs
20-04-08 Liver and Stomach Preparations 56-00 Gastrointestinal Drugs
20-12 Coagulants and Anticoagulants 56-04 Antacids and Adsorbents
20-12-04 Anticoagulants 56-08 Antidiarrhea Agents
20-12-08 Antiheparin Agents 56-10 Antiflatulants
20-12-12 Coagulants 56-12 Cathartics and Laxatives
20-12-16 Hemostatics 56-14 Cholelitholytic Agents
20-16 Hematopoietic Agents 56-16 Digestants
20-16-08 Leukopoietic Agents 56-20 Emetics
20-24 Hemorrheologic Agents 56-22 Antiemetics
20-40 Thrombolytic Agents 56-24 Lipotropic Agents
24-00 Cardiovascular Drugs 56-40 Miscellaneous GI Drugs
24-04 Cardiac Drugs 60-00 Gold Compounds
24-06 Antilipemeic Agents 64-00 Heavy Metal Antagonists
24-08 Hypotensive Agents 68-00 Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
24-12 Vasodilating Agents 68-04 Adrenals
24-16 Sclerosing Agents 68-08 Androgens
28-00 Central Nervous System Agents 68-12 Contraceptives
28-04 General Anesthetics 68-16 Estrogens
28-08 Analgesics and Antipyretics 68-20 Antidiabetic Agents
28-08-04 Nonseroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents 68-20-08 Insulins
28-08-08 Opiate Agonists 68-20-20 Sufonylureas
28-08-12 Opiate Partial Agonists 68-20-92 Misc- Antidiabetic Agents
28-08-92 Miscellaneous Analgesics and Antipyretics 68-24 Parathyroid
28-10 Opiate Antagonists 68-28 Pituitary
28-12 Anticonvulsants 68-32 Progestins
28-12-04 Barbiturates 68-34 Other Corpeus Luteum Hormones
28-12-08 Benzodiazepines 68-36 Thyroid and Antithroid Agents
28-12-12 Hydantoins 68-36-04 Thyroid Agents
28-12-16 Oxazolidinediones 68-36-08 Antithyroid Agents
28-12-20 Succinimides 72-00 Local Anesthetics
28-12-92 Misc- Anticonvulsants 76-00 Oxytocics
28-16 Psychotherapeutic Agents 78-00 Radioactive Agents
28-16-04 Antidepressants 80-00 Serums, Toxoids, and Vaccines
28-16-08 Tranquilizers 80-04 Serums
28-16-12 Misc- Psychotherapeutic Agents 80-08 Toxoids
28-20 Resiratory and Cerebral Stimulants 80-12 Vaccines
28-24 Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics 84-00 Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents
28-24-04 Barbiturates 84-04 Anti-Infectives
28-24-08 Benzodiazepines 84-04-04 Antibiotics
28-24-92 Miscellaneous Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics 84-04-06 Antivirals
28-28 Antimanic Agents 84-04-08 Antifungals
32-00 Contraceptives 84-04-12 Scabicides, Pediculicides
34-00 Dental Agents 84-04-16 Misc- Local Anti-Infectives
36-00 Diagnostic Agents 84-06 Anti-Inflammatory Agents
36-04 Adrenocortical Insufficiency 84-08 Antipruritics and Local Anesthetics
36-08 Amyloidosis 84-12 Astringents
36-12 Blood Volume 84-16 Cell Stimulants and Proliferants
36-16 Brucellosis 84-20 Detergents
36-18 Cardiac Function 84-24 Emollients, Demulcents, and Protectants
36-24 Circulation Time 84-24-04 Basic Lotions and Liniments
36-26 Diabetes Mellitus 84-24-08 Basic Oils, Other Solvents
36-28 Diphtheria 84-24-12 Basic Ointments and Protectants
36-30 Drug Hypersensitivity 84-24-16 Basic Powders, Demulcents
36-32 Fungi 84-28 Keratolytic Agents
36-34 Gallbladder Function 84-32 Keratoplastic Agents
36-36 Gastric Function 84-36 Miscellaneous Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents
36-38 Intestinal Absorption 84-50 Depigmenting and Pigmenting Agents
36-40 Kidney Function 84-50-04 Depigmenting Agents
36-44 Liver Function 84-50-06 Pigmenting Agents
36-48 Lymphogranuloma Venereum 84-80 Sunscreen Agents
36-52 Mumps 86-00 Smooth Muscle Relaxants
36-56 Myasthenia Gravis 86-08 Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Relaxants
36-60 Thyroid Function 86-12 Genitourinary Smooth Muscle Relaxants
36-61 Pancreatic Function 86-16 Respiratory Smooth Muscle Relaxants
36-62 Phenylketonuria 88-00 Vitamins
36-64 Pheochromocytoma 88-04 Vitamin A
36-66 Pituitary Function 88-08 Vitamin B Complex
36-68 Roentgenography 88-12 Vitamin C
36-72 Scarlet Fever 88-16 Vitamin D
36-76 Sweating 88-20 Vitamin E
36-80 Trichinosis 88-24 Vitamin K Activity
36-84 Tuberculosis 88-28 Multivitamin Preparations
36-88 Urine and Feces Contents 92-00 Unclassified Therapeutic Agents
36-88-12 Keytones 94-00 Devices
36-88-20 Occult Blood 96-00 Pharmaceutical Aids
36-88-24 pH    
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TH

Table Headings [Word Indexed]
nitrate.th.

The Table Headings (TH) field contains the corresponding heading to the Table Data (TA) field.

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TI Title [Word Indexed]
thalidomide.ti.
The Title (TI) field contains the name of the individual drug described in the monograph
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TN

Trade Name Manufacturer [Word Indexed]
expectorant.tn.
babylax.tn.

The Trade Name Manufacturer (TN) field contains the proprietary name given to the drug by manufacturer and the drug manufacturer's name.

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TX Primary Text [Word Indexed]
557$.tx.
injections.tx.

The Primary Text (TX) field contains the complete text of drug monographs from both the AHFS and the Handbook on Injectable Drugs (HID) references. The text is grouped by Section Headings and the related Subheadings.

The TX field also features two-digit Concept Codes that appear throughout the text in both AHFS and HID records. These Concept Codes appear enclosed in parentheses throughout the full text of records. Each is equivalent to a controlled subject term and precedes a sentence or group of sentences that discuss that subject.

You can search for any word, phrase, or Concept Code in the TX field. See the Descriptor (DE) description for a list of codes and terms.

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UP

Update Code [Phrase Indexed]
20030501.up.

The Update Code (UP) field indicates the date that the record was entered in the database, in YYYYMMDD format.
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Advanced Searching

You can use special words and symbols to combine search terms and refine a search. For efficient searching, use the most appropriate operator from the list below to combine search terms. For more information on these and other searching techniques, including command line syntax searching, refer to the Ovid Gateway Help.

Operator Syntax Example Results
OR OR vitamin c or ascorbic acid Retrieves records that contain either term or both terms.
AND AND estrogen and menopause Retrieves records that contain both terms.
NOT NOT estrogen not menopause Retrieves records that contain the first term but not the second term.
ADJ ADJ corticosteroid therapy Retrieves records that contain both terms, in order, and adjacent in the same sentence.
  ADJn graft adj3 disease Retrieves records that contain both terms, in either order, with no more than n number of words between. The example will retrieve records containing the phrase, "acute graft-vs-host disease ".
FREQ x.fd./FREQ=n blood.tx./freq=5 Retrieves records that contain n occurances of the term in the specified field. The example will retrieve records containing the word "blood," at least five times in the Primary Text (TX) field.
$ x$ rat$

The unlimited truncation symbol, $, retrieves records that contain the search term and all possible suffix variations of a root word. The example will retrieve records containing words such as rat, rats, rate, rationalize, ratify, etc.

  x$n dog$1 The limited truncation symbol, $n, Retrieves records that contain the search term and all possible suffix variations of a root word with the maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase, specified by n.The example will retrieve records containing words such as dog and dogs, but not dogma.
#  # wom#n The mandated wildcard symbol, #, retrieves records that contain the search term with substituted character(s) in the specified locations. The example will retrieve records containing woman and women.
?  ? colo?r The optional wildcard symbol, ?, retrieves records that contain the search term with either no characters substituted, or with substituted character(s) in the specified locations. The example will retrieve records containing color and colour.

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Stopwords

Words of little intrinsic meaning that occur too frequently to be useful in searching text are known as stopwords. You cannot search for the following stopwords by themselves, but you can include them within phrases by placing the entire phrase within quotation marks.

a by having neither seem those
about can how no seen through
after could however nor several thus
again did if not should to
all do in obtain show under
almost does into obtained showed up
also done is of shown upon
although during it often shows use
always each its on significant used
among either itself only significantly using
an enough just or since various
and especially kg other so very
another etc km our some was
any followed largely out such we
approximately following like overall suggest were
are for made per than what
as found mainly perhaps that when
at from make possible the whereas
be further may previously their which
because give might quite theirs while
been given min rather them with
before giving mm really then within
being had most regarding there would
between hardly mostly resulted these  
both has must resulting they  
but have nearly same this  

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Drug Information Full Text Limits

The following limits are available from the Limit menu on the Main Search Screen.

Popular Command and Sentence Syntax for Limits:

Source Publication
Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to American Hospital Formulary Service
  limit 1 to Handbook on Injectable Drugs
   

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Change to Drug Information Full Text from Another Database

Command Syntax: ..c/dift
Sentence Syntax: use dift

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Sample Drug Information Full Text Documents

<Sample 1>
Accession Number
  382731
Update Code
20021001 Source AHFS Drug Information Title Cefazolin Sodium Generic Drug Name Cefazolin Sodium Trade Name Manufacturer Ancefr (GlaxoSmithKline); Cefazolin Sodium for Injection (American
Pharmaceutical Partners); Ancefr (GlaxoSmithKline); Cefazolin Sodium for Injection (American Pharmaceutical Partners); Kefzolr (Lilly); Ancefr (GlaxoSmithKline); Cefazolin Sodium for Injection (American Pharmaceutical Partners); Kefzolr (Lilly); Cefazolin Sodium for Injection (American Pharmaceutical Partners); Ancefr Piggyback (Abbott); Cefazolin Sodium ADD-Vantager (Abbott); Cefazolin Sodium for Injection Piggyback (American Pharmaceutical Partners); Kefzolr ADD-Vantager (Lilly); Cefazolin Sodium in 5% Dextrose Injection (Baxter); Cefazolin Sodium in 5% Dextrose Injection (Baxter) CAS Registry Number 27164-46-1 Therapeutic Classification Cephalosporins (8-12-06) Descriptors (20) Therapy, Pharmacotherapy, Microbiology (22) Therapy/Use (75) not used (45) Reconstitution (technique) (43) Dosage form, strength, concentration (58) Dosage equivalency (64) Precautions and contraindications/Advice to Patients (21) Nonapproved or investigational use (55) Age/Dose relation (56) Physiological defect/dosage (hepatic/renal) (81) Absorption (57) Administration/Route Section Heading Gram-positive Aerobic Bacterial Infections Gram-negative Aerobic Bacterial Infections Timing and Number of Doses Uses Contaminated Surgery Intermittent IV Injection Intermittent or Continuous IV Infusion Reconstitution and Administration IM Injection Primary Text (1 of 41) SECTION HEADING: Introduction (11 20)Cefazolin sodium is a semisynthetic, first generation cephalosporin antibiotic. (2 of 41) SECTION HEADING: Uses (22 21)Cefazolin is used for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and skin structure infections, biliary tract infections, bone and joint infections, genital infections, septicemia, and endocarditis caused by susceptible bacteria.100101The drug also is used for perioperative prophylaxis.100101102103106107108109110In addition, cefazolin is used as an alternative to amoxicillin or ampicillin for prevention of ..-hemolytic (viridans group) streptococcal endocarditis...in penicillin-allergic individuals considered to be at risk for bacterial endocarditis following certain dental or upper respiratory tract procedures104and as an alternative to penicillin G or ampicillin for prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease...in pregnant women hypersensitive to penicillins.111 Table Headings Cefazolin Sodium; Cefazolin Sodium in Dextrose Table Data
Table Heading: Cefazolin Sodium -------------------------------------------------- Routes: Parenteral Routes: Parenteral Dosage Forms: For injection Strengths: 500 mg (of cefazolin) Brand Names: Ancef.. Manufacturer: GlaxoSmithKline Routes: Parenteral
References
(1 of 13) 1. SmithKline Beecham. Ancef.. (cefazolin) injection and for injection prescribing information. Philadelphia, PA; 2001 Oct.
(2 of 13) 2. Lilly. Kefzol.. (sterile cefazolin sodium) prescribing information. Indianapolis, IN; 1999 Jan 15. - some sample text fields truncated for space purposes -

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Drug Information Full Text Producer Copyright Information

This database is copyrighted by the American Society of Health System Pharmacists, Inc. No part of this database may be duplicated in hard-copy or machine-readable form without written authorization from the American Society of Health System Pharmacists. The American Society of Health System Pharmacists represents that the database provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformance to professional standards in the field. Except with respect to the foregoing and as otherwise specifically provided in this agreement, the American Society of Health System Phatmacists makes no representations or warranties, expressed or implied, including but not limited to, any implied warrant of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such database and specifically disclaims all such warranties and representations. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are the responsibility of the clinician; and that this database (DIFT) is provided for information purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a through understanding of the drug's actions, uses, and side effects.

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Field Guide Revised May 31, 2005

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