ABI/INFORM is the authoritative source for worldwide business and management information, providing bibliographic information and abstracts of the principal articles from over 1000 journals. In addition, full text for more than 500 periodicals is provided.
ABI/INFORM contains information on companies and products, business strategies and tactics, management tools and trends, and case studies of successes and failures.
Coverage includes:
| accounting/auditing | law and taxation | |
| banking and finance | labor relations | |
| data processing/information management | marketing & advertising | |
| management | management science | |
| economics | public administration | |
| government | real estate | |
| health care | telecommunications | |
| human resources | transportation | |
| insurance |
Search this database for any aspect of business information. Descriptors and a classification code system are available to help focus your searches.
The following list is sorted alphabetical by field alias. Click a fieldname to see the description and search information.
| Field Name | Label | Field Name | Label | |
| Abstract | AB | Journal Word | JW | |
| Accession Number | AN | Language | LG | |
| Article Subtitle | AT | Length of Full Text | LT | |
| Authors | AU | Numeric Date of Publication | ND | |
| Classification Codes | CC | Number of Pages | NP | |
| Company Name | CO | Notes | NT | |
| Company Name Word | CW | Personal Name | PN | |
| Documentation Type | DT | Product Name | PR | |
| Entry Week | EW | Publication Type | PT | |
| Full Text | TX | Subject Headings | SH | |
| Geographic Location | GL | Text Word | TW | |
| Heading Word | HW | Title | TI | |
| ISSN | IS | Volume | VO | |
| Issue/Part | IP | Year of Publication | YR | |
| Journal Name | JN |
The following list is sorted alphabetically by the two-letter label, and includes the relevant alias, at least one example for all searchable DatabaseName fields, and a description of the field.
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Label Name/Example
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AB Abstract [Word Indexed]
business ethic$.ab.
personnel.ab.
Every citation in ABI/INFORM contains an informative, 150 to 200 word abstract.
The Abstract field (AB) contains the text of the citation's abstracts, which is
a summary of the content of the article.
Except for proper names, British spellings in the original article are changed
to American usage. The American usage should be used for searching.
The abstract index contains all searchable words from the index.
Stopwords, such as "the" or "of" are not searchable.
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AN Accession Number [Phrase Indexed]
12002607.an.
99999747.ui.
The Accession Number (AN) field contains a unique 8-digit number that
identifies each record.
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AT Article Subtitle [Word Indexed]
field.at.
index.at.
The Article Subtitle (AT) field contains one or more subtitles of newsletter
articles.
Stopwords such as "of" or "the" display in the document subtitle, but do not
appear in the index. However, the word "a," which is a stopword in other fields,
can be searched in the title.
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AU Authors [Phrase Indexed]
webb susan.au.
webb$.au.
The Author (AU) field contains all of the authors of an article or publication.
The author names are entered into the index in the format of last name followed
by first and middle names or up to two initials, as they appeared in the
original article. Thus, a person named James Charles Smith may appear as Smith
James C, Smith J. Charles, Smith JC or Smith J.
Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space
and first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name, enter
one version and you can scroll through the list of names to find the other.
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CC Classification Codes [Phrase Indexed]
9140.cc.
9520.cc.
Classification Codes (CC) are 4-digit numbers representing broad subject
categories within ABI/INFORM such as "Small Businesses" or "Statistical
Data." Searching on the codes is a convenient way to subset the
database into desired subject areas.
To view the Classification Codes hierarchy use the TOOLS/Classification
Codes pull-down menu. In this format you can view both the codes, and
the terms they represent.
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CO Company Name [Phrase Indexed]
ibm.co.
coke.co.
The Company Name (CO) field contains the names of companies and
organizations discussed in the article.
Search this field by entering the entire company name (microsoft,
not corporation), and try using both full spellings and
abbreviations. If the search is unscuccessful, try searching
the word index of this field (CW).
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CW Company Name Word [Word Indexed]
index.cw.
The Company Name (CW) index contains the names of companies and
organizations discussed in the article.
Search this index by entering the single most descriptive word
(Microsoft, not corporation), and try using both full spellings and
abbreviations.
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DT Documentation Type [Phrase Indexed]
speech.dt.
The Document Type (DT) provides an editorial classification for every
type of article in the database. Examples include feature articles, speeches,
interviews, general information, instructional material and various kinds of
reviews.
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EW Entry Week [Phrase Indexed]
200010.ew.
200313.ew.
The Entry Week (EW) field contains a 6-digit number in the format YYYYWW
representing the year and week in which an item was entered into the
ABI/INFORM database.
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GL Geographic Location [Word Indexed]
us.gl.
japan.gl.
The Geographic Location (GL) field lists the parts of the world
discussed in the article. Some locations are abbreviated (US or USSR),
so try both the full spelling and any abbreviations.
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HW Heading Word [Word Indexed]
trends.hw.
statistic$.hw.
Searching for a Heading Word (HW) is useful when you want to retrieve every
subject heading that contains a particular word. Only single word terms can
be entered.
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IP Issue/Part [Phrase Indexed]
"12".ip.
"1".ip.
The Issue/Part (IP) field contains the issue or part of the journal in
which the article appeared.
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IS ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
1010 4143.is.
8750 6874.is.
The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number
(ISSN) for the journal in which the article was published.
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JN Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
business week.jn.
forbes.jn.
The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal and
is displayed as part of the Source (SO).
Journal names are indexed as phrases. To view journal titles in
the index, enter as many of the words or letters in a journal name
as are needed to distinguish it from other journals.
Stopwords such as "of," when they appear within a journal name, ARE included
in the index, but leading articles ("A," "An," and "The") are not.
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JW Journal Word [Word Indexed]
business.jw.
wall street.jw.
The Journal Word (JW) field contains individual words from every journal
name in ABI/Inform. Searching for journal words is useful when you want
to retrieve every journal name which contains a particular term, such as
"literature."
The index does not display and stopwords such as "the" and "of" have been
omitted.
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LG Language [Phrase Indexed]
fre.lg.
eng.lg.
The Language field (LG) contains the language(s) of publication of an
article. The language name is indicated by a 3-letter code (such as fre
for French) or by the full spelling of the language.
Enter the first few characters of a language name. The language
index can quickly be scrolled to determine all languages which
appear in ABI/INFORM.
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LT Length of Full Text [Phrase Indexed]
The Length of Text field (LT) contains the number of words in the
full text.
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ND Numeric Date of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
199406$.nd.
The Numeric Date (ND) index contains 8-digit dates of publication for
every article. Only the Alphanumeric Date is displayed as part of the
Source (SO).
To search for all articles published in a particular month and year,
you can truncate the numeric date after the first four digits: 199406$,
for example, retrieves every record published in June 1994.
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NP Number of Pages [Phrase Indexed]
"23".np.
The Number of Pages (NP) field contains the number of pages of the source
article.
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NT Notes [Word Indexed]
diagrams.nt.
references.nt.
The Notes (NT) field contains descriptive notes about the article, such as
reference information, and whether maps, charts or graphs are included.
The Notes field is displayed as part of the Source (SO).
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PG Pagination [Phrase Indexed]
"123".pg.
"200".pg.
The first page of the journal issue in which an article appears is indexed in
the Page (PG) field. Often a journal title combined with a beginning page
number is enough to retrieve an accurate citation.
Page information is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.
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PN Personal Name [Phrase Indexed]
Smith g$.pn
The Personal Name (PN) field contains the names of prominent individuals
discussed in an article. Personal names appear in the index, last name
first. For deceased individuals, years of birth and death are given, and, in
instances where one individual might be confused with another, the person's
occupation also appears.
To search for a name, enter the last name, or if it is a common name,
enter the last name, then a space followed by the first letter or initial of
the given name. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name, enter
the spelling you think is correct. If you don't find the name, you can
scroll through the index until you locate the proper spelling.
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PR Product Name [Word Indexed]
walkman.pr.
The Product Name (PR) field contains the brand-specific names of any
products discussed at length or reviewed in the article.
To search for a particular product, enter as much of the name that you
know, for example, "walkman" or "saturn." To retrieve broader coverage of
a particular kind of product, search the Subject Heading (SH) field.
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PT Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
newsletter.pt.
The Publication Type (PT) field contains the type of source material represented
by the record. To search this field enter the entire term or browse the index.
Valid Publication Types are:
Abstract Publication
Book
Conference Paper
Conference Proceeding
Dissertation
Miscellaneous Serial
Newsletter
Newspaper
Patent
Periodical
Report
Special Serial Issue
Transcript
Wire Feed
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SH Subject Headings [Phrase Indexed]
small business.sh.
online data bases.sh.
The Subject Headings (SH) field contains the subject headings used by
indexers at ProQuest to describe the content of an article.
ABI/INFORM subject headings are taken from a Thesaurus published by ProQuest.
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TI Title [Word Indexed]
drug test$.ti.
accountability.ti.
The Title (TI) field contains the title of an article as it appeared in the
print publication.
Stopwords such as "of" or "the" display in the document title, but do
not appear in the Title index. However, the word "a", which is a
stopword in other fields, can be searched in the title.
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TW Text Word [Word Indexed]
Diabetes.tw
The Textword (TW) field is an alias for all of the fields in a database
which contain text words and which are appropriate for a free text subject
search.
The Textword field in ABI Inform includes Title (TI), Abstract (AB) and
Heading Word (HW).
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TX Full Text [Word Indexed]
oil explor$.tx.
salt.tx.
The Full Text (TX) field contains the original full text of the
article for some records in ABI/INFORM. These records are from over
250 periodicals covering all aspects of business information.
Stopwords, such as "the" or "of" are not searchable.
Back to Table
VO Volume [Phrase Indexed]
"5".vo.
"45".vo.
The Volume (VO) field contains the volume number of the journal in which the
article appeared.
Volume is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.
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YR Year of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
1991.yr.
1985.yr.
The Year (YR) field contains the year in which an article was published and
displays as part of the Source (SO).
Back to Table
You can use special words and symbols to combine search terms and refine a search. For efficient searching, use the most appropriate operator from the list below to combine search terms. For more information on these and other searching techniques, including command line syntax searching, refer to the Ovid Gateway Help.
| Operator | Syntax | Example | Results |
| OR | OR | socialism or communism | OR retrieves records that contain either term or both terms. |
| AND | AND | socialism and democracy | AND retrieves records that contain both terms. |
| NOT | NOT | socialism not marx | NOT retrieves records that contain the first term but not the second term. |
| ADJ | ADJ | marxist theory | ADJ retrieves records that contain both terms, in order, and adjacent in the same sentence. |
| ADJn | smith adj4 marx | ADJn retrieves records that contain both terms, in order, with n number of words between. The example will retrieve records containing the phrase, "Is there anything new to be said after Adam Smith, Marx, Walras and Keynes?". | |
| FREQ | x.fd./FREQ=n | marx.tx. /freq=5 | FREQ retrieves records that contain n occurances of the term in the specified field. The example will retrieve records containing the word "Marx," at least five times in the Full Text (tx) field. |
| $ | x$ | rat$ |
The limited truncation symbol, $, retrieves records that contain the search term and all possible suffix variations of a root word. The example will retrieve records containing words such as rat, rats, rate, rationalize, ratify, etc. |
| x$n | dog$1 | The unlimited truncation symbol, $n, Retrieves records that contain the search term and all possible suffix variations of a root word with the maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase, specified by n.The example will retrieve records containing words such as dog and dogs, but not dogma. | |
| # | # | wom#n | The mandated wildcard symbol, #, retrieves records that contain the search term with substituted character(s) in the specified locations. The example will retrieve records containing woman and women. |
| ? | ? | colo?r | The optional wildcard symbol, ?, retrieves records that contain the search term with either no characters substituted, or with substituted character(s) in the specified locations. The example will retrieve records containing color and colour. |
Words of little intrinsic meaning that occur too frequently to be useful in searching text are known as "stopwords." You cannot search for the following stopwords by themselves, but you can include them within phrases.
| a | by | having | neither | seem | those |
| about | can | how | no | seen | through |
| after | could | however | nor | several | thus |
| again | did | if | not | should | to |
| all | do | in | obtain | show | under |
| almost | does | into | obtained | showed | up |
| also | done | is | of | shown | upon |
| although | during | it | often | shows | use |
| always | each | its | on | significant | used |
| among | either | itself | only | significantly | using |
| an | enough | just | or | since | various |
| and | especially | kg | other | so | very |
| another | etc | km | our | some | was |
| any | followed | largely | out | such | we |
| approximately | following | like | overall | suggest | were |
| are | for | made | per | than | what |
| as | found | mainly | perhaps | that | when |
| at | from | make | possible | the | whereas |
| be | further | may | previously | their | which |
| because | give | might | quite | theirs | while |
| been | given | min | rather | them | with |
| before | giving | mm | really | then | within |
| being | had | most | regarding | there | would |
| between | hardly | mostly | resulted | these | |
| both | has | must | resulting | they | |
| but | have | nearly | same | this |
The following limits are available from the Limit menu on the Main Search Screen:
Popular Command and Sentence Syntax Limits:
Available from UMI Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to available from umi English Language Command Syntax: ..l/1 en=y Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to english Full Text Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to fulltext Geographical Region Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to western europe Language Command Syntax: ..l/1 lg=fre Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to dutch Latest Update Command Syntax: ..l/1 up=y Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to latest update Organizational Type Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to small businesses Publication Type Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to biographies Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to short articles Document Type Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to biographies Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to short articles Publication Year Command Syntax: ..l/1 yr=89 Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to yr=1993
Command Syntax: ..c/info Sentence Syntax: use info
Sample 1 Accession Number 353205411 Author Sanson, Michael. Title Kids and dogs will always go for the steak. Source Restaurant Hospitality.Restaurant Hospitality.87(6):8. 2003 Jun. [Photograph] Local Messages This is a test for default message showing in tables Subject Headings Restaurants Target markets Children & youth Market strategy AbstractGeographic Location United States. US Full Text As you can see from the cover of this magazine, it's our 8th annual Kids Issue, meaning we have devoted many years to covering the kids and family market. Both through our Kids Marketing Conference and our Best Kids Menu in America Contest, we, and hopefully you, have learned that kids are growing sophisticated each year. If you were at our recent Kids Conference, you would have heard Jasper White explain that kids often skip the corn dog on his menu at Jasper's Summer Shack and order lobster. "If you put down dog food and a T-bone steak, the dog will take the steak. It's the same with children." I remembered this comment after reading a recent story in the New York Times titled "Dude, Where's My Spice Grinder?" The story is about how the latest crop of college graduates have developed educated palates and know more about food and wine than any generation before them. Tom Saine, the v.p. of business development for Aramark, says what has happened over the last 10 years is a revolution. "On some college campuses today, the students are far more cosmopolitan in their palate and taste interests than the faculty or staff," he said. He's right, of course, but the revolution began well below the college level. That's apparent when you look at the entries that flood in for our Best Kids Menu in America Contest. Even Emeril couldn't take the top prize in the Upscale Category, and he offers a "Kid's Filet Mignon with Garlic Mashed \ Potatoes, Sauteed Haricots Verts and a Natural Reduction Sauce." Chicken fingers it ain't. Aramark, by the way, won in the School Category after taking over the foodservice responsibilities for Clear Creek Independent School District in League City, Texas. Aramark created 250 new and more sophisticated menu offerings, which led to a 27 percent increase in participation in the school lunch program and a top line revenues increase of 34 percent. The Times article goes on to detail the growing interest in food and restaurants among college students. The student newspaper at the University of Chicago now has a food column; at Bloomsburg University in Pennsylvania, students stage "Iron Chef" competitions; the University of Virginia has student dining clubs. Ten years ago students at the University of Alabama would have run from sushi. Now it's a staple on the dining hall menu. Sadie Stein, who writes the food column for the University of Chicago newspaper, says it's no surprise that college dining halls have added display kitchens and students are demanding that foods they eat be local, seasonal and organic. All of this bodes well for the restaurant industry. Kids love and understand food more than ever before, but, for the most part, they want you to prepare it for them. Let's make no mistake about it: chicken fingers are still the number one favorite item on kids menus. But the tide is turning. Kids, little ones and big ones, are demanding better quality and more choices. Give them great food and a fun atmosphere to eat in, and you'll rule the world. MICHAEL SANSON EDITOR-IN-CHIEF msanson@penton.com www.FoodServiceSearch.com (Copyright Penton Media, Inc. Jun 2003) END OF FULL TEXT Document Type Editorial Publication Type Periodical Entry Week 200332 Length of Full Text 0000523 words. ISSN 0147-9989 Sample 2 Accession Number 354649911 Author Anonymous. Title Guide to care for patients: Type 2 diabetes. Source Nursing Management.Nursing Management.p 11. 2003 Jun. [Photograph, Illustration] Local Messages This is a test for default message showing in tables Subject Headings Diabetes Diet Medical diagnosis Insulin Glucose Abstract When you have Type 2 diabetes, the sugar in your bloodstream cannot get into your body's cells. This may happen because the body is not making enough insulin or your body's cells no longer recognize it. As a result, the cells do not get the energy they need and sugar builds up to a level that is higher than normal. Your health care provider will order tests if he or she suspects you have diabetes. Two blood tests can be used - the fasting plasma glucose test and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Both tests need you to fast overnight. The food you eat has a direct effect on your blood sugar level. It is important that people with diabetes plan what they eat and when they eat it. Geographic Location United States. US Full Text You may find that you need to take two or three oral medications to control your diabetes. Sometimes you will also need to add insulin to help get your blood sugar under control. Several types of insulin are available. Some are short-acting and are taken right before a meal. Others are longer acting, lasting 12 to 18 hours. You may need to take both types of insulin. There is a new type of insulin called Lantus that is given at the same time once a day (usually at night) and will keep your blood sugar at a more constant level for 24 hours. Many people are able to better control their blood sugars when using both an oral medication and insulin, such as Amaryl and Lantus insulin. No matter what treatment you use, you should always watch for the symptoms of low blood sugar and treat them right away with glucose tablets or crackers. To control diabetes and your blood sugar level, you must work closely with your health care provider. You will reduce your risk of other problems like heart and kidney disease, stroke, blindness, or loss of limbs. Take control of your future now! What is Type 2 diabetes? When you eat, your body breaks down food into a fuel called glucose (sugar). Your pancreas makes insulin to help sugar enter your body's cells. Then the sugar can be used for energy. When you have Type 2 diabetes, the sugar in your bloodstream can't get into your body's cells. This may happen because the body isn't making enough insulin or your body's cells no longer recognize it. As a result, the cells don't get the energy they need and sugar builds up to a level that's higher than normal. How does my health care provider know I have diabetes? Your health care provider will order tests if he or she suspects you have diabetes. Two blood tests can be used-the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Both tests need you to fast overnight. Your health care provider will also draw blood to measure your average blood sugar level over a 3-month period. This test is called a hemoglobin A1c test. What can I do to keep my blood sugar level within the normal range? You'll have diabetes for the rest of your life, but there's plenty you can do to control your blood sugar level. Blood sugar monitoring. This needs to become part of your daily routine. You may be told to check your blood sugar before eating breakfast, 2 hours after & a meal or before bedtime. These readings will help your health care provider know how your treatment plan is working. Keep a log of your results and share them with your health care provider. Knowing your blood sugar numbers is important, but just the start. Look for trends, such as if your blood sugar level is higher at certain times of the day. Your health care provider will want to see your progress and decide if any changes are needed in your treatment. You'll also want to report any ongoing trends to your health care provider between visits. Eating right. The food you eat has a direct effect on your blood sugar level. It's important that you plan what you'll eat and when you'll eat it. A dietitian can help you create this plan. You'll learn why you should include certain types of foods (vegetables, fruits, and grains) and why it's best to eat a low-fat diet. You'll also learn how to limit your use of table salt. The good news is that you won't have to give up the foods you like to eat. The key will be to enjoy them in moderation. Staying active. Exercise will help your body burn sugar more quickly. It may also make your body respond better to insulin. That will help you Lower your blood sugar. You should do some form of moderate exercise, such as walking, every day for 30 minutes for the greatest impact. Check with your health care provider before starting an exercise program. Together, you can create a program that will be best for you. Coping with stress. The body responds to stress by raising blood sugar levels, so you should find ways to cope with stress. When you're feeling stressed, take a "time out." You can do something like taking deep breaths for a few minutes, listening to music, or taking a bath. Also, be sure to talk with someone you trust-keeping feelings inside can lead to even more stress. What medications can I take to control my blood sugar level? You may need to take one or more oral medications to help control your blood sugar level. Many patients take Amaryl or glyburide. These drugs, called sulfonylureas, help the pancreas to make more insulin. Sulfonylureas can cause the pancreas to make more insulin than you need, which can cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). The newer sulfonylureas are less likely to cause low blood sugar. There's another class of drugs that increases the amount of insulin your pancreas makes. They're shorter-acting than the sulfonylureas. Talk to your health care provider about which one is right for you. Your health care provider may order a drug called metformin (Glucophage). Your liver stores extra sugar until you need it. This drug tells your liver to release less sugar and helps your body recognize insulin. If you take it, you'll need frequent blood tests to make sure your liver and kidneys are working well. It can cause you to have some stomach pain and diarrhea when you first start taking it. Actos and Avandia are other drugs your health care provider may order for you. Called insulin sensitizers, these drugs make your body recognize insulin. If you have heart failure, you should avoid these drugs because they may cause you to retain water. You'll also need to have frequent blood tests to make sure your liver is working well. Precose or Glyset may be prescribed to prevent your small intestine from taking in glucose. These drugs are taken with food. You may have gas and stomach pain when taking them. You should avoid these drugs if you have inflammatory bowel disease. Know your numbers Normal blood sugar less than 110 mg/dl Diagnosis of diabetes FPG 126 mg/dl or above; OGTT 200 mg/dl or above Prediabetes FPG 111 mg/dl to 125 mg/dl Goal Before meals: 80 mg/dl to 120 mg/dl Bedtime: 100 mg/dl to 140 mg/dl at bedtime HbA1c: 7% or lower Aventis This teaching aid may be photocopied by health care professionals for use in their clinical practice. Attach your business card here, then copy. Supported by an educational grant from Aventis Symptoms of high blood sugar (diabetes) * feeling weak, tired, or dizzy * blurred vision * excessive thirst * frequent urination * sudden weight loss * inability to concentrate * increased hunger * sexual problems * slow-healing skin infections, cuts, or sores * loss of coordination * numbness or tingling in the feet or hands * excessive weight. Symptoms of low blood sugar * sudden onset of symptoms * poor coordination * moodiness * pale skin * confusion * inability to concentrate * sudden hunger * sweating * trembling (Copyright Springhouse Corporation Jun 2003) END OF FULL TEXT Document Type General Information Publication Type Periodical Entry Week 200333 Length of Full Text 0001211 words. ISSN 0744-6314
ABI/Inform contains copyrighted materials of UMI and its licensors which retain sole ownership of these materials. Only fair use, as provided by the United States copyright law, is permitted. UMI makes no warranties, express or implied, as to the service or the entries which constitute it, including any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use, and shall not be liable for any damages of any kind or lost profits or other claims related to them or their use.