Ovid Technologies Field Guide


PAIS International (PAIS)

Table of Contents:
Scope | General Information | Searching the Fields
Stopwords | Limits | Changing to PAIS From Another Database
Sample Documents | Copyright Information | Updated


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Scope

PAIS International, produced by the Public Affairs Information Service, Inc., is a bibliographic index with abstracts covering the full range of political, social, and public policy issues. Topics covered include economic, political, and social issues, business, finance, law, international trade and relations, public administration, government, political science, and any topics that are or might become the subject of legislation. The PAIS database covers selected journal articles, books, statistics, yearbooks, directories, conference proceedings, pamphlets, reports, government documents, microfiche, and some documents from the Internet. More than 1,600 journals and over 8,000 monographs are indexed each year. Coverage includes documents published worldwide in any of six languages: English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish. The subject headings and abstracts are in English.

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General Information

Producer
      Public Affairs Information Service, Inc.
521 West 43rd Street
New York, NY 10036-4396
(800) 288-7247
(212) 736-6629
(212) 643-2848 (Fax)
Website: http://www.pais.org
Email: inquiries@pais.org

Years of Coverage
  1972 - Present

Segments
  pais (1972 - present)
  This database does not support Ovid's AutoAlerts. If you want to create a reusable search strategy, save the search as a Permanent Saved Search instead. See the Ovid Web Gateway User Manual for details about permanent saved searches. Saved search information also appears in the Ovid Web Gateway Help System.

Default Fields for Unqualified Searches
  Abstract (AB) Title (TI)  

All Display/Print Fields
  Abstract (AB) ISBN (IB) Special Features (SF)
  Accession Number (AN) ISSN (IS) Source Fields (SO)
  Authors (AU) LC Control Number (LC) Subject Headings (SH)
  Broad Topics (BT) Language (LG) Superintendent of Docs Number (DN)
  Document URL (UD) Peer Reviewed (PR) Title (TI)
  E-Mail (MA) Primary URL (UR) Update Code (UP)
  Government Level (GL) Publication Type (PT) Website Special Features (WF)
  Government Pinting Office Stock Numbers (GN) Publication Year (YR)  
  Institution (IN) Publisher Abbreviation (PA)  
  Institution Type (IT) Series Statement (SE)  

Default Display/Print Fields
  Abstract (AB) Institution Type (IT) Series Statement (SE)
  Accession Number (AN) ISBN (IB) Special Features (SF)
  Authors (AU) ISSN (IS) Source Fields (SO)
  Broad Topics (BT) LC Control Number (LC) Subject Headings (SH)
  Government Pinting Office Stock Numbers (GN) Language (LG) Superintendent of Docs Number (DN)
  Institution (IN) Publication Type (PT) Title (TI)

Elements of the Source (SO) Field
  Journal Name (JN) Book Publisher (PB) Source Description (SD)

Update Frequency
  Monthly

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Searching the PAIS Fields

The following list is sorted alphabetical by field alias. Click a field name to see the description and search information.

Field Name Label   Field Name Label
Abstract AB   Journals Published JP
Accession Number AN   Language LG
Authors AU   LC Control Number LC
Book Publisher PB   Peer Reviewed PR
Broad Topics BT   Primary URL UR
Document URL UD   Publication Type PT
Electronic ISSN EN   Publication Year YR
E-Mail MA   Publisher Abbreviation PA
Government Level GL   Series Statement SE
Government Pinting Office Stock Numbers GN   Source Description SD
Institution IN   Source Fields SO
Institution Type IT   Special Features SF
ISBN IB   Subject Headings SH
ISSN IS   Superintendent of Docs Number DN
Journal Abbreviation JA   Title TI
Journal Name JN   Update Code UP
Journal Words JW   Website Special Features WF

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The following list is sorted alphabetically by the two-letter label, and includes the relevant alias, at least one example for all searchable PAIS fields, and a description of the field.

Label Name / Example
AB Abstract [Word Indexed]
livestock prices.ab.
cooperatives.ab.

The Abstract (AB) field summarizes the content of the document and may also provide a description of the background, methods, results, and/or conclusions. For some documents, publication notes are also included.

Stopwords such as "of" or "the" display in the Abstract field, but are not searchable and do not appear in the Abstract index.

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AN Accession Number [Phrase Indexed]
1996-0100020.an.
The Accession Number (AN) field contains a numeric code which uniquely identifies each record. The first two digits of the accession number represent the year of publication in the database.
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AU Authors [Phrase Indexed]
montgomery alan l.au.
The Author (AU) field contains all of the authors of an article or publication. The author names are indexed in the format of last name followed by first and middle names or up to two initials, as they appeared in the original article. Thus, a person named James Charles Smith may appear as Smith James C, Smith J. Charles, Smith JC, or Smith J. Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and the first initial.
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BT Broad Topics [Phrase Indexed]
human rights.bt.
The Broad Topics (BT) field contains the Broad Topics used by indexers at PAIS to describe the content of a document.
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DN Superintendent of Docs Number [Phrase Indexed]
a 1 107500.dn.
041 015 00177 9.dn.
The Superintendent of Documents Number (DN) field contains the complete U.S. Superintendent of Documents Number for the government publication. This number can be used to order or locate government publications in U.S. Government Document Depository Libraries.
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EN Electronic ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
1527-1935.en.
1469-9982.is.
The Electronic ISSN (EN) field contains the Electronic International Standard Serials Number (E-ISSN) for journal and series. It is searchable only as part of the ISSN (IS) field.
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GL Government Level [Phrase Indexed]
international.gl.
local.gl.
The Government Level (GL) field indicates the level of government with which the article is associated.
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GN Government Pinting Office Stock Numbers [Phrase Indexed]
003 024 0315 6.gn.
The U.S. Government Printing Office Stock Number (GN) field contains the Government Printing Office Stock Number for the document. This number can be used to order documents from the U.S. Government Printing Office or from U.S. Government Document Depository Libraries.
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IB ISBN [Phrase Indexed]
88-85246-17-6.ib.
The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) for monographs.
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IN Institution [Word Indexed]
hawaii employers council.in.
The Institution (IN) field contains the name of the supporting institution and, when provided in the source journal, the complete address of the senior author.
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IS ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
9052-5416.is.
The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serials Number (ISSN) and the Electronic International Standard Serials Number (E-ISSN) for journal and series.
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IT Institution Type [Phrase Indexed]
academic site.it.
The Institution Type (IT) field describes the type of website from which the record originated.
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JA Journal Abbreviation[Phrase Indexed]
aauw am assn univ women j.ja.
aarp issue brief.ja.

The Journal Abbreviation (JA) field contains the PAIS-assigned abbreviation of the journal in which the article was published. Journal abbreviations are indexed as phrases. To locate the abbreviation in the index, enter enough letters of the journal name : "aauw am assn univ women" (for American Association of University Women Journal-AAUW).

Stopwords such as "of" ARE included in the JN index, but when "the" is the first word of a journal, it has been stripped.

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JN Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
journal of advertising.jn.
The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which an article was published. This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.
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JP Journals Published[Phrase Indexed]
counter terrorism security reports.jp.
The Journals Published (JP) field contains the unabbreviated titles of journals published by the organization issuing the website. Journals may be published as full-text or may be available in print.
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JW Journal Words [Word Indexed]
africa.jw.

The Journal Word (JW) field contains individual words from every journal name in this database.

The JW index is not available on the Microsoft Windows NT platform.

Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included. This field is used to retrieve every occurance of a journal which includes a particular word, such as "society."

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LC LC Control Number [Phrase Indexed]
90-055357.lc.
The Library of Congress Control Number (LC) field contains the Library of Congress Control number for the monograph or series that is cited.
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LG Language [Word Indexed]
eng.lg.
french.lg.
The Language (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of an article or monograph. The language name will appear in the index in both the full form and also a 3-letter code (such as fre for French).
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MA E-Mail [Display Only]
The E-Mail (MA) field contains the email addresses of the persons responsible for the work represented by the record.
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PA Publisher Abbreviation [Phrase Indexed]
amnesty internat.pa.
The Publisher Abbreviation (PA) field contains the PAIS-assigned abbreviation of the publisher in which the article was published.
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PB Book Publisher [Word Indexed]
libreville gabon.pb.
macmillan.pb.
The Book Publisher (PB) field contains the publisher of the source document for monographs as well as bibliographic information, including page numbers when a record refers to a specific article or chapter.
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PR Peer Reviewed [Word Indexed]
yes.pr.
The Peer Reviewed (PR) field designates citations selected from peer-reviewed journals.
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PT Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
"book or monograph".pt.
journal article.pt.

The Publication Type (PT) field contains the type of article or monograph that the record describes.

All records in the database are assigned one of the following publication type designations: Analytic, Monograph, Periodical, or Main Entry of Publication Analyzed.

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SD Source Description [Word Indexed]
1996.sd.
apr.sd.
The Source Description (SD) field contains the bibliographic information needed to find an article within the source publication. It includes the Publication Year (YR), month (MO), volume (VO), issue/part (IP), and pagination (PG) fields.
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SE Series Statement [Word Indexed]
louisiana state.se.
If the article or document is part of a series, the Series Statement (SE) field contains further information about the series. In some cases it will include only the volume number or ISSN, in others the name and publisher of the series are available. This information can be used to locate other publications related by subject or structure.
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SF Special Features [Word Indexed]
table.sf.
The Special Features (SF) field contains notations about additional content available in the source publication. Notations indicate the availability of features such as maps, charts, and illustrations.
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SH Subject Headings [Phrase Indexed]
community development.sh.
north american free trade agreement.sh.
The Subject Headings (SH) field contains the Subject Headings (also known as "descriptors" or "index terms") used by indexers at PAIS to describe the content of a document.
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SO Source Fields [JN, PB, SD Fields]
criminal justice quarterly.so.
The Source (SO) field includes a display of all of the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the Journal Name or Monograph Publisher, the volume/issue, pagination, and year of publication.
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TI

Title [Word Indexed]
health care.ti.
inner city schools.ti.

The Title (TI) field contains the title of an article as it appeared in the print publication.

Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in the document title, but do not appear in the Title index. However, the word "a", which is a stopword in other fields, can be searched in the title.

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UD Document URL[Word Indexed]
terrorism.ud.
The Document URL (UD) field contains the URL for the document. The date of the citation by PAIS will be within brackets.
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UP Update Code[Word Indexed]
199909.up.
The Update Code (UP) field contains a four-digit number in the format YYMM, representing the year and month in which an item was entered into the database.
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UR Primary URL [Word Indexed]
miis.ur.
edu.ur.
The Primary URL (UR) field contains the primary URL for the website referenced in the article.
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WF Website Special Features [Phrase Indexed]
bibliographies.wf.
The Websites Special Features (WF) field contains information about the type of features the website referenced in the article.
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YR Publication Year [Word Indexed]
1996.yr.
96.yr.
The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the year in which an article or monograph was published.
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Stopwords

Words of little intrinsic meaning that occur too frequently to be useful in searching text are known as stopwords. You cannot search for the following stopwords by themselves, but you can include them within phrases by placing the entire phrase within quotation marks.

a by having neither seem those
about can how no seen through
after could however nor several thus
again did if not should to
all do in obtain show under
almost does into obtained showed up
also done is of shown upon
although during it often shows use
always each its on significant used
among either itself only significantly using
an enough just or since various
and especially kg other so very
another etc km our some was
any followed largely out such we
approximately following like overall suggest were
are for made per than what
as found mainly perhaps that when
at from make possible the whereas
be further may previously their which
because give might quite theirs while
been given min rather them with
before giving mm really then within
being had most regarding there would
between hardly mostly resulted these  
both has must resulting they  
but have nearly same this  

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PAIS Limits

The following limits are available on the Main Search Screen.

Popular Command and Sentence Syntax for Limits:

English Language
Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to english
Command Syntax: ..l/1 lg=eng
   
Publication Type
Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to website records
Command Syntax: ..l/1 pt=website records
   
Update Code
Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to up=9605
Command Syntax: ..l/1 up=9605
   
Publication Year
Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to yr=1995
Command Syntax: ..l/1 yr=1995
   
Government Document
Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to government documents
   
Electronic Document
Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to electronic documents
   

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Change to PAIS from Another Database

Command Syntax: ..c/pais
Sentence Syntax: use pais

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Sample PAIS Documents

<1>
Database Copyright (c) 2002 by Public Affairs Information Service, Inc.
Accession Number
	2002-0590093
E-Mail
	webmaster@csc.noaa.gov
Title
	National Hurricane Tracks.
Document URL
	World Wide Web: <URL:http://hurricane.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/index.htm>
	[cited 22 May 2002].
Primary URL
	hurricane.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/index.htm
Abstract    ¦
	Provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
	Coastal Services Center, the Tracks tool is an interactive mapping
	application allowing searching and display of 150 years (1851-2001) of
	Atlantic Basin tropical cyclone data; storm reports, sample storm tracks,
	related links, and coastal population data.
Subject Headings
	Storms
	Hurricanes
	Weather
	Tropics
	Atlantic ocean
Broad Topics
	Environment and environmental policy
Language
	English (eng).
Publication Type
	Website.
Website Special Features
	Interactive features
	Maps, plans, geographic information
	Gateway site; links to subject area Internet resources
	Full text publications online; original materials
	Statistics
Government Level
	National
Update Code
	200205
 
<2>
Database Copyright (c) 2002 by Public Affairs Information Service, Inc.
Accession Number
	1999-1211200
Title
	Peterson's graduate programs in the biological sciences, 2000.
Source
	Peterson's Guides U.S. $49.95; Can. $73.95; Gt. Brit. L39, 2000 34th ed.
	vii+2293p.
Series Statement
	Peterson's an. guides to graduate study: bk. 3
Abstract
	United States, chiefly.
	Cover subtitle: More than 3,800 graduate programs in 40 disciplines;
	entrance and degree requirements, expenses and financial aid, programs of
	study, faculty research specialties, academic centers, and institutes.  
	Also available online and on CD-ROM.
Subject Headings
	Colleges and universities -- Graduate work -- Directories
	Science -- Study and teaching -- Directories
	United States -- Educational sector
	Biology -- Study and teaching -- Directories
	Biological research -- United States -- Directories
Language
	English (eng).
Publication Type
	Book or Monograph.
Special Features
	il(s). index(es).
ISBN
	0-7689-0283-5
Year of Publication
	2000
Update Code
	199912
 
<3>
Database Copyright (c) 2002 by Public Affairs Information Service, Inc.
Accession Number
	1999-1211350
Author
	Laroche, Beatrice; Woodman, Sophia.
Title
	International scrutiny in action: CEDAW reviews report from China.
Source
	China Rights Forum, p 34-7,73 Spring 1999.
Journal Abbreviation
	China Rights Forum.
Abstract
	Assesses the Report of the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination
	Against Women.
	Includes government responses to women's rights questions.
Subject Headings
	Women -- Legal status, laws, etc.
	Human rights -- China (People's Republic)
	United Nations -- China (People's Republic)
	China (People's Republic) -- Social policy
	Human rights -- International aspects
Language
	English (eng).
Publication Type
	Journal Article.
Special Features
	il(s).
ISSN
	1068-4166
Year of Publication
	1999
Update Code
	199912

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PAIS Producer Copyright Information

The PAIS International Database is copyrighted and is the property of Public Affairs Information Service, Inc. Users of the database may view screen displays of the data and may make up to five (5) copies per screen display of any portions of such data for internal or personal noncommercial purposes. Such copies of limited portions of such data may be transferred or sold as an incidental part of the attorney-client, consultant-client, or other similar relationship where the principal purpose of the relationship is not the distribution of data. Screen displays of such data may be electronically downloaded in machine-readable form solely for temporary storage as required for permitted use provided that such machine-readable copies of data shall be erased after such temporary use. Users do not acquire ownership rights to any data or portions thereof when they print out or download the data and the data may not be duplicated or distributd for commercial purposes without written permission from the producer except as indicated above.

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Field Guide Revised May 31, 2005

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