Table of Contents:
Scope | General Information |
Searching the Fields
Stopwords | Limits |
Changing to PAIS From Another Database
Sample Documents | Copyright Information
| Updated
PAIS International, produced by the Public Affairs Information Service, Inc., is a bibliographic index with abstracts covering the full range of political, social, and public policy issues. Topics covered include economic, political, and social issues, business, finance, law, international trade and relations, public administration, government, political science, and any topics that are or might become the subject of legislation. The PAIS database covers selected journal articles, books, statistics, yearbooks, directories, conference proceedings, pamphlets, reports, government documents, microfiche, and some documents from the Internet. More than 1,600 journals and over 8,000 monographs are indexed each year. Coverage includes documents published worldwide in any of six languages: English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish. The subject headings and abstracts are in English.
Go: Table of Contents or Back
| Producer | |||
| Public Affairs Information Service, Inc. 521 West 43rd Street New York, NY 10036-4396 (800) 288-7247 (212) 736-6629 (212) 643-2848 (Fax) Website: http://www.pais.org Email: inquiries@pais.org |
|||
Years of Coverage |
|||
| 1972 - Present | |||
Segments |
|||
| pais (1972 - present) | |||
| This database does not support Ovid's AutoAlerts. If you want to create a reusable search strategy, save the search as a Permanent Saved Search instead. See the Ovid Web Gateway User Manual for details about permanent saved searches. Saved search information also appears in the Ovid Web Gateway Help System. | |||
Default Fields for Unqualified Searches |
|||
| Abstract (AB) | Title (TI) | ||
| All Display/Print Fields |
|||
| Abstract (AB) | ISBN (IB) | Special Features (SF) | |
| Accession Number (AN) | ISSN (IS) | Source Fields (SO) | |
| Authors (AU) | LC Control Number (LC) | Subject Headings (SH) | |
| Broad Topics (BT) | Language (LG) | Superintendent of Docs Number (DN) | |
| Document URL (UD) | Peer Reviewed (PR) | Title (TI) | |
| E-Mail (MA) | Primary URL (UR) | Update Code (UP) | |
| Government Level (GL) | Publication Type (PT) | Website Special Features (WF) | |
| Government Pinting Office Stock Numbers (GN) | Publication Year (YR) | ||
| Institution (IN) | Publisher Abbreviation (PA) | ||
| Institution Type (IT) | Series Statement (SE) | ||
Default Display/Print Fields |
|||
| Abstract (AB) | Institution Type (IT) | Series Statement (SE) | |
| Accession Number (AN) | ISBN (IB) | Special Features (SF) | |
| Authors (AU) | ISSN (IS) | Source Fields (SO) | |
| Broad Topics (BT) | LC Control Number (LC) | Subject Headings (SH) | |
| Government Pinting Office Stock Numbers (GN) | Language (LG) | Superintendent of Docs Number (DN) | |
| Institution (IN) | Publication Type (PT) | Title (TI) | |
Elements of the Source (SO) Field |
|||
| Journal Name (JN) | Book Publisher (PB) | Source Description (SD) | |
Update Frequency |
|||
| Monthly | |||
Go: Table of Contents or Back
The following list is sorted alphabetical by field alias. Click a field name to see the description and search information.
| Field Name | Label | Field Name | Label | |
| Abstract | AB | Journals Published | JP | |
| Accession Number | AN | Language | LG | |
| Authors | AU | LC Control Number | LC | |
| Book Publisher | PB | Peer Reviewed | PR | |
| Broad Topics | BT | Primary URL | UR | |
| Document URL | UD | Publication Type | PT | |
| Electronic ISSN | EN | Publication Year | YR | |
| MA | Publisher Abbreviation | PA | ||
| Government Level | GL | Series Statement | SE | |
| Government Pinting Office Stock Numbers | GN | Source Description | SD | |
| Institution | IN | Source Fields | SO | |
| Institution Type | IT | Special Features | SF | |
| ISBN | IB | Subject Headings | SH | |
| ISSN | IS | Superintendent of Docs Number | DN | |
| Journal Abbreviation | JA | Title | TI | |
| Journal Name | JN | Update Code | UP | |
| Journal Words | JW | Website Special Features | WF |
Go: Table of Contents or Back
The following list is sorted alphabetically by the two-letter label, and includes the relevant alias, at least one example for all searchable PAIS fields, and a description of the field.
| Label | Name / Example |
| AB | Abstract [Word Indexed] livestock prices.ab. cooperatives.ab. |
The Abstract (AB) field summarizes the content of the document and may also provide a description of the background, methods, results, and/or conclusions. For some documents, publication notes are also included. Stopwords such as "of" or "the" display in the Abstract field, but are not searchable and do not appear in the Abstract index. |
|
| Back | |
| AN | Accession Number [Phrase Indexed] 1996-0100020.an. |
| The Accession Number (AN) field contains a numeric code which uniquely identifies each record. The first two digits of the accession number represent the year of publication in the database. | |
| Back | |
| AU | Authors [Phrase Indexed] montgomery alan l.au. |
| The Author (AU) field contains all of the authors of an article or publication. The author names are indexed in the format of last name followed by first and middle names or up to two initials, as they appeared in the original article. Thus, a person named James Charles Smith may appear as Smith James C, Smith J. Charles, Smith JC, or Smith J. Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and the first initial. | |
| Back | |
| BT | Broad Topics [Phrase Indexed] human rights.bt. |
| The Broad Topics (BT) field contains the Broad Topics used by indexers at PAIS to describe the content of a document. | |
| Back | |
| DN | Superintendent of Docs Number [Phrase Indexed] a 1 107500.dn. 041 015 00177 9.dn. |
| The Superintendent of Documents Number (DN) field contains the complete U.S. Superintendent of Documents Number for the government publication. This number can be used to order or locate government publications in U.S. Government Document Depository Libraries. | |
| Back | |
| EN | Electronic ISSN [Phrase Indexed] 1527-1935.en. 1469-9982.is. |
| The Electronic ISSN (EN) field contains the Electronic International Standard Serials Number (E-ISSN) for journal and series. It is searchable only as part of the ISSN (IS) field. | |
| Back | |
| GL | Government Level [Phrase Indexed] international.gl. local.gl. |
| The Government Level (GL) field indicates the level of government with which the article is associated. | |
| Back | |
| GN | Government Pinting Office Stock Numbers [Phrase Indexed] 003 024 0315 6.gn. |
| The U.S. Government Printing Office Stock Number (GN) field contains the Government Printing Office Stock Number for the document. This number can be used to order documents from the U.S. Government Printing Office or from U.S. Government Document Depository Libraries. | |
| Back | |
| IB | ISBN [Phrase Indexed] 88-85246-17-6.ib. |
| The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) for monographs. | |
| Back | |
| IN | Institution [Word Indexed] hawaii employers council.in. |
| The Institution (IN) field contains the name of the supporting institution and, when provided in the source journal, the complete address of the senior author. | |
| Back | |
| IS | ISSN [Phrase Indexed] 9052-5416.is. |
| The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serials Number (ISSN) and the Electronic International Standard Serials Number (E-ISSN) for journal and series. | |
| Back | |
| IT | Institution Type [Phrase Indexed] academic site.it. |
| The Institution Type (IT) field describes the type of website from which the record originated. | |
| Back | |
| JA | Journal Abbreviation[Phrase Indexed] aauw am assn univ women j.ja. aarp issue brief.ja. |
The Journal Abbreviation (JA) field contains the PAIS-assigned abbreviation of the journal in which the article was published. Journal abbreviations are indexed as phrases. To locate the abbreviation in the index, enter enough letters of the journal name : "aauw am assn univ women" (for American Association of University Women Journal-AAUW). Stopwords such as "of" ARE included in the JN index, but when "the" is the first word of a journal, it has been stripped. |
|
| Back | |
| JN | Journal Name [Phrase Indexed] journal of advertising.jn. |
| The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which an article was published. This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field. | |
| Back | |
| JP | Journals Published[Phrase Indexed] counter terrorism security reports.jp. |
| The Journals Published (JP) field contains the unabbreviated titles of journals published by the organization issuing the website. Journals may be published as full-text or may be available in print. | |
| Back | |
| JW | Journal Words [Word Indexed] africa.jw. |
The Journal Word (JW) field contains individual words from every journal name in this database. The JW index is not available on the Microsoft Windows NT platform. Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included. This field is used to retrieve every occurance of a journal which includes a particular word, such as "society." |
|
| Back | |
| LC | LC Control Number [Phrase Indexed] 90-055357.lc. |
| The Library of Congress Control Number (LC) field contains the Library of Congress Control number for the monograph or series that is cited. | |
| Back | |
| LG | Language [Word Indexed] eng.lg. french.lg. |
| The Language (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of an article or monograph. The language name will appear in the index in both the full form and also a 3-letter code (such as fre for French). | |
| Back | |
| MA | E-Mail [Display Only] |
| The E-Mail (MA) field contains the email addresses of the persons responsible for the work represented by the record. | |
| Back | |
| PA | Publisher Abbreviation [Phrase Indexed] amnesty internat.pa. |
| The Publisher Abbreviation (PA) field contains the PAIS-assigned abbreviation of the publisher in which the article was published. | |
| Back | |
| PB | Book Publisher [Word Indexed] libreville gabon.pb. macmillan.pb. |
| The Book Publisher (PB) field contains the publisher of the source document for monographs as well as bibliographic information, including page numbers when a record refers to a specific article or chapter. | |
| Back | |
| PR | Peer Reviewed [Word Indexed] yes.pr. |
| The Peer Reviewed (PR) field designates citations selected from peer-reviewed journals. | |
| Back | |
| PT | Publication Type [Phrase Indexed] "book or monograph".pt. journal article.pt. |
The Publication Type (PT) field contains the type of article or monograph that the record describes. All records in the database are assigned one of the following publication type designations: Analytic, Monograph, Periodical, or Main Entry of Publication Analyzed. |
|
| Back | |
| SD | Source Description [Word Indexed] 1996.sd. apr.sd. |
| The Source Description (SD) field contains the bibliographic information needed to find an article within the source publication. It includes the Publication Year (YR), month (MO), volume (VO), issue/part (IP), and pagination (PG) fields. | |
| Back | |
| SE | Series Statement [Word Indexed] louisiana state.se. |
| If the article or document is part of a series, the Series Statement (SE) field contains further information about the series. In some cases it will include only the volume number or ISSN, in others the name and publisher of the series are available. This information can be used to locate other publications related by subject or structure. | |
| Back | |
| SF | Special Features [Word Indexed] table.sf. |
| The Special Features (SF) field contains notations about additional content available in the source publication. Notations indicate the availability of features such as maps, charts, and illustrations. | |
| Back | |
| SH | Subject Headings [Phrase Indexed] community development.sh. north american free trade agreement.sh. |
| The Subject Headings (SH) field contains the Subject Headings (also known as "descriptors" or "index terms") used by indexers at PAIS to describe the content of a document. | |
| Back | |
| SO | Source Fields [JN, PB, SD Fields] criminal justice quarterly.so. |
| The Source (SO) field includes a display of all of the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the Journal Name or Monograph Publisher, the volume/issue, pagination, and year of publication. | |
| Back | |
| TI | Title [Word Indexed] |
The Title (TI) field contains the title of an article as it appeared in the print publication. Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in the document title, but do not appear in the Title index. However, the word "a", which is a stopword in other fields, can be searched in the title. |
|
| Back | |
| UD | Document URL[Word Indexed] terrorism.ud. |
| The Document URL (UD) field contains the URL for the document. The date of the citation by PAIS will be within brackets. | |
| Back | |
| UP | Update Code[Word Indexed] 199909.up. |
| The Update Code (UP) field contains a four-digit number in the format YYMM, representing the year and month in which an item was entered into the database. | |
| Back | |
| UR | Primary URL [Word Indexed] miis.ur. edu.ur. |
| The Primary URL (UR) field contains the primary URL for the website referenced in the article. | |
| Back | |
| WF | Website Special Features [Phrase Indexed] bibliographies.wf. |
| The Websites Special Features (WF) field contains information about the type of features the website referenced in the article. | |
| Back | |
| YR | Publication Year [Word Indexed] 1996.yr. 96.yr. |
| The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the year in which an article or monograph was published. | |
| Back | |
Go: Table of Contents or Back
Words of little intrinsic meaning that occur too frequently to be useful in searching text are known as stopwords. You cannot search for the following stopwords by themselves, but you can include them within phrases by placing the entire phrase within quotation marks.
| a | by | having | neither | seem | those |
| about | can | how | no | seen | through |
| after | could | however | nor | several | thus |
| again | did | if | not | should | to |
| all | do | in | obtain | show | under |
| almost | does | into | obtained | showed | up |
| also | done | is | of | shown | upon |
| although | during | it | often | shows | use |
| always | each | its | on | significant | used |
| among | either | itself | only | significantly | using |
| an | enough | just | or | since | various |
| and | especially | kg | other | so | very |
| another | etc | km | our | some | was |
| any | followed | largely | out | such | we |
| approximately | following | like | overall | suggest | were |
| are | for | made | per | than | what |
| as | found | mainly | perhaps | that | when |
| at | from | make | possible | the | whereas |
| be | further | may | previously | their | which |
| because | give | might | quite | theirs | while |
| been | given | min | rather | them | with |
| before | giving | mm | really | then | within |
| being | had | most | regarding | there | would |
| between | hardly | mostly | resulted | these | |
| both | has | must | resulting | they | |
| but | have | nearly | same | this |
Go: Table of Contents or Back
Popular Command and Sentence Syntax for Limits:
| English Language | |
| Sentence Syntax: | limit 1 to english |
| Command Syntax: | ..l/1 lg=eng |
| Publication Type | |
| Sentence Syntax: | limit 1 to website records |
| Command Syntax: | ..l/1 pt=website records |
| Update Code | |
| Sentence Syntax: | limit 1 to up=9605 |
| Command Syntax: | ..l/1 up=9605 |
| Publication Year | |
| Sentence Syntax: | limit 1 to yr=1995 |
| Command Syntax: | ..l/1 yr=1995 |
| Government Document | |
| Sentence Syntax: | limit 1 to government documents |
| Electronic Document | |
| Sentence Syntax: | limit 1 to electronic documents |
Go: Table of Contents or Back
| Command Syntax: | ..c/pais |
| Sentence Syntax: | use pais |
Go: Table of Contents or Back
<1> Database Copyright (c) 2002 by Public Affairs Information Service, Inc. Accession Number 2002-0590093 E-Mail webmaster@csc.noaa.gov Title National Hurricane Tracks. Document URL World Wide Web: <URL:http://hurricane.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/index.htm> [cited 22 May 2002]. Primary URL hurricane.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/index.htm Abstract ¦ Provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Services Center, the Tracks tool is an interactive mapping application allowing searching and display of 150 years (1851-2001) of Atlantic Basin tropical cyclone data; storm reports, sample storm tracks, related links, and coastal population data. Subject Headings Storms Hurricanes Weather Tropics Atlantic ocean Broad Topics Environment and environmental policy Language English (eng). Publication Type Website. Website Special Features Interactive features Maps, plans, geographic information Gateway site; links to subject area Internet resources Full text publications online; original materials Statistics Government Level National Update Code 200205 <2> Database Copyright (c) 2002 by Public Affairs Information Service, Inc. Accession Number 1999-1211200 Title Peterson's graduate programs in the biological sciences, 2000. Source Peterson's Guides U.S. $49.95; Can. $73.95; Gt. Brit. L39, 2000 34th ed. vii+2293p. Series Statement Peterson's an. guides to graduate study: bk. 3 Abstract United States, chiefly. Cover subtitle: More than 3,800 graduate programs in 40 disciplines; entrance and degree requirements, expenses and financial aid, programs of study, faculty research specialties, academic centers, and institutes. Also available online and on CD-ROM. Subject Headings Colleges and universities -- Graduate work -- Directories Science -- Study and teaching -- Directories United States -- Educational sector Biology -- Study and teaching -- Directories Biological research -- United States -- Directories Language English (eng). Publication Type Book or Monograph. Special Features il(s). index(es). ISBN 0-7689-0283-5 Year of Publication 2000 Update Code 199912 <3> Database Copyright (c) 2002 by Public Affairs Information Service, Inc. Accession Number 1999-1211350 Author Laroche, Beatrice; Woodman, Sophia. Title International scrutiny in action: CEDAW reviews report from China. Source China Rights Forum, p 34-7,73 Spring 1999. Journal Abbreviation China Rights Forum. Abstract Assesses the Report of the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women. Includes government responses to women's rights questions. Subject Headings Women -- Legal status, laws, etc. Human rights -- China (People's Republic) United Nations -- China (People's Republic) China (People's Republic) -- Social policy Human rights -- International aspects Language English (eng). Publication Type Journal Article. Special Features il(s). ISSN 1068-4166 Year of Publication 1999 Update Code 199912
Go: Table of Contents or Back
The PAIS International Database is copyrighted and is the property of Public Affairs Information Service, Inc. Users of the database may view screen displays of the data and may make up to five (5) copies per screen display of any portions of such data for internal or personal noncommercial purposes. Such copies of limited portions of such data may be transferred or sold as an incidental part of the attorney-client, consultant-client, or other similar relationship where the principal purpose of the relationship is not the distribution of data. Screen displays of such data may be electronically downloaded in machine-readable form solely for temporary storage as required for permitted use provided that such machine-readable copies of data shall be erased after such temporary use. Users do not acquire ownership rights to any data or portions thereof when they print out or download the data and the data may not be duplicated or distributd for commercial purposes without written permission from the producer except as indicated above.
Go: Table of Contents or Back
Field Guide Revised May 31, 2005
Go: Table of Contents or Back