The Abstract (AB) field includes abstracts written or edited by the American Psychological Association (APA) for PsycCRITIQUES articles. PsycCRITIQUES abstracts contain a summary of the literature reviewed.

The Age Group (AG) field contains a standardized description of specific population age groups related to the content of the document. The results are displayed as part of the Population Group (PO) field. A record may contain multiple Age Groups:

Both the code and the term are searchable, for example 100.ag. or childhood birth 12 yrs.ag.

Age Group is also available as a limit.

The Accession Number (AN) field appears in every record, and uniquely identifies the record. You can retrieve any specific record in the database with its accession number. It contains 12 numeric characters with hyphens in the YYYY-NNNNN-LLL format, structured as follows:

The Original Source (AS) field displays the bibliographic information of the source under which the citation was originally submitted.

The Author (AU) field contains the names of individual persons responsible for creation of the work represented by the record. If all authors are not included, the last name listed is followed by "et al." The author names are entered into the index as they appeared in the original document, in the format of last name followed by first and middle names or up to two initials. Thus, a person named James C. Smith may appear as "Smith James C," "Smith J Charles," "Smith, JC" or "Smith J".

Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and the first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name, enter one version and you will be able to scroll through the list of names to find other versions.

Patronymic suffixes, such as Jr., Sr., and III, are included for display, but are not indexed, as are non-author roles, which include:

If no role is present, the role may be assumed to be "author".

Data in the author field may also comprise one or more of the following special cases:

Numerical Classification Codes and Classification Codes Words are both indexed in this field. If you wish to retrieve every Classification Code that includes a particular word or words, search the desired word(s) in the Classification Codes Word (CW) field.

The Conference Information (CF) field contains the name, number, date and location of a conference at which the content of the document was presented. Individual words are posted in the Conference Information index. Standard abbreviations are used for the institutional and geographical portions of the field, such as:

The Correction Date (CH) field appears in corrected records and contains the date the record was revised. When available, it displays in the Update Code (UP) field.

The Conference Note (CN) field contains information about additional conferences at which the content of the document was presented, or information about a conference from which the content of the document was derived.

This field is indexed and displayed as part of the Conference Information (CF) field.

The Correspondence Address (CQ) field contains the contact information for the correspondence in regards to the document. The field will also contain the author's e-mail address when available.

If you wish to retrieve every Classification Code Word (CW) that includes a particular word or words, search the desired word(s) in this field.

The Digital Object Identifier (DO) field contains the registered DOI for electronic documents. These DOIs may contain full text access.

The Document Type (DT) field identifies the specific kind of document; what a document is as opposed to what it is about.

Document Type is also available as a limit. Document Types include:

The Format Covered (FO) field identifies the broad, physical medium of the item covered by the record. As PsycCRITIQUES is an online-only journal, the Format Covered will always be "Electronic".

If you wish to retrieve every Heading that includes a particular word or words, search the desired word(s) in this Heading Word (HW) field.

You can also view every Heading Word that contains a particular word by using the Permuted Index tool.

The Key Concepts (ID) field concisely summarizes a document's subject content. Indexers use Keywords to supplement Subject Headings.

For experimental literature, Keywords typically contain the independent variable, the dependent variable, and the subject population.

For non-experimental literature, the Keywords consist of major concepts, time lines, populations, implications, or genre -- whatever information the indexer thinks will supplement other indexing information.

Individual words from the Keywords are entered into the index.

The Institution (IN) field displays the author's name along with his/her affiliation, if indicated in the source document. Only the institution is indexed.

Enter the single most descriptive word in the institution name, such as "harvard," rather than "university."

Standard abbreviations, listed in the User Manual, are used in the institution field; the most critical ones include

Institutions which are commonly known by initials (IBM, NIMH, WHO, INSERM) may be listed in initialed form for some records and are spelled out for others.

State and Province names must be searched by both spelled-out name and postal abbreviation. Country names (except USA and USSR) are spelled out.

The Issue/Part (IP) field contains the Issue and/or Part for a particular volume of a journal. Issue / Part displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The ISSN Electronic (IT) fields contain the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for the journal in which an article was published since 1979. It appears as a number separated by hyphens, such as 1000-958X. The database indicates whether the journal is print (IS) or electronic (IT).

The PsycCRITIQUES database is comprised only of records with electronic ISSNs.

The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which an article was published. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The PsycCRITIQUES database is comprised only of records with "PsycCRITIQUES" as the Journal Name.

The Journal Word (JW) field contains individual words from every journal name. This field is used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal which includes a particular word.

The Language (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of a document.

The Local Holdings (LH) field indicates (with a "Y" or "N") whether a journal is held at your local library.

The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by your Ovid System administrator to indicate holdings information about journals held in your library or institution.

The Location (LO) field contains a standardized description of population locations, specifically country names, related to the content of the document. The field may contain multiple population locations.

The E-Mail Address (MA) field contains the email addresses of the persons responsible for the work represented by the record, such as Goldberg, Brenda: B.Goldberg@mmu.ac.uk.

The Format Availability (MT) field identifies the broad, physical medium(s) of the item that are available. The field will include the Format Covered, but may also include another formats.

The Pagination (PG) field consists of the inclusive pagination of a journal article. This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

Pagination is always “No Pagination Specified.”

The Publisher Location (PL) field appears in Book and Chapter records only. It contains the location (city, state, country) of up to two publishers of the book, or of the chapter's parent book. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Population Group (PO) field contains terms describing the subject population of the document. Population codes and terms include:

Both the code and the term are searchable. Population Group is also available as a limit.

For records added to the database prior to 1997, a document which includes both animal and human subjects is specified as "animal."

From 1997 on, both "animal" and "human" are specified when both subjects are included.

Age group terms also display in this field and are searchable in the Age Groups (AG) fields. Age group codes and terms include:

Both the code and the term are searchable, for example 100.ag. or childhood birth 12 yrs.ag.

The Publication Type (PT) field identifies the general type of document. Publication Types (PT) include:

The Publisher Information (PU) field contains publisher information for books and chapters added since 1987. This field appears in Book and Chapter records only. It contains the publisher name of up to two publishers of the book, or of the chapter's parent book. The field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Reviewed Item ISBN (RI) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) and binding type for the material being reviewed. ISBNs have been included in PsycINFO since 1987.

The ISBN appears as a number separated by hyphens. Its purpose is to identify uniquely a book title, an edition of a book, or a monograph produced by a specific publisher. Each ISBN number contains the following parts:

However, despite this standard format, ISBNs vary enormously on the source documents. Consequently, they have also been put into the index without spaces or dashes.

You may search the ISBN with or without hyphens. You may search the Reviewed Item ISBN field on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Translated Title (RL) index contains non-English titles in the original document language. If the original title was in a non-Roman alphabet, the original title is transliterated or it is not present.

You may search the Reviewed Item Translated Title field on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Other Info (RO) index contains other relevant information about the item being reviewed, such as publisher information and price.

You may search the Reviewed Item Other Info index on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Year (RR) field contains the year in which the item being reviewed was published. The year may be searched using four digits, such as "1994."

You may search the Reviewed Item Year index on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Title (RT) field contains the English language version of a title.

The following abbreviations are used in titles:

For documents which were not written in English, the original or transliterated title appears in a separate field, Original Title (OT).

You may search the Reviewed Item Title index on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Author (RU) field contains the names of individual persons responsible for creation of the work being reviewed. If all authors are not included, the last name listed is followed by "et al."

The author names are entered into the index as they appeared in the original document, in the format of last name followed by first and middle names or up to two initials. Thus, a person named "James C. Smith" may appear as "Smith James C," "Smith J Charles," "Smith, JC" or "Smith J" Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and the first initial.

If you are unsure of the spelling, view the index to see all versions and spellings of the name. See “Database Index Displays” in the Ovid Web Gateway Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

You may search the Reviewed Item Author index on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item (RV) field contains information about a book review found in the source document. This field appears most commonly in Peer-Reviewed Journal and Electronic Collection publication types.

This field is made up of the Reviewed Item Author (RU), Reviewed Item Title (RT), Reviewed Item Translated Title (RL), Reviewed Item Year (RR), Reviewed Item ISBN (RI), and Reviewed Item Other Info (RO) fields. Each of these fields can be searched individually, or the RV field can be searched with any term.

The Source Description (SD) field is available only in the Source (SO) field as a display field - it is not searchable as itself - it is searchable as the Volume ("vo") and Issue/Part ("ip").

The Subject Headings (SH) field contains the Subject Headings (also known as "descriptors" or "index terms") used by indexers at the American Psychological Association (APA) to describe the content of a document.

The Subject Headings are taken from APA's Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms. You can look up any of these terms by using the Thesaurus tool.

Subject Headings are entered into the index as phrases and should be searched exactly as they appear in the Thesaurus.

Subject Headings which describe the major point (focus) of a document are preceded with an asterisk (*).

The Auxiliary Material (SV) field contains additional information not found in the print version of the source document, for example 3-D modeling images, video clips, and data sets. Auxiliary Material types include:

The Title (TI) field contains the English language version of a title. If the language of the document is not English, you will see the language of the document in square brackets after the title. The following abbreviations are used in titles:

The Update Code (UP) field appears in all records and contains the date the record was released into the database. It is sometimes referred to as "Entry Month."

The field consists of 8 digits, in YYYYMMDD format, where YYYY is the release year, MM is the release month, and DD is the release day.

The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the year in which a document was published. The year may be searched using four digits, for example "1994." Only individual years may be searched.

Use the Limit to Publication Year to restrict sets to a range of years.

The Year of Publication is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.

At customer request, StopWords have been eliminated from this database. You can now search for words or phrases like is there hope.tw.  Previously such searches would have returned an error because they included stopwords.

Limiting to Clinical Queries will restrict retrieval clinically sound studies. There are nine categories provided, and the emphasis may be Sensitive (most relevant articles but probably some less relevant ones), Specific (mostly relevant articles but probably omitting a few), or Optimized (the combination of terms that optimizes the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity).

These filters, based on the work of R. Brian Haynes MD, PhD et al. of the Health Information Research Unit (HIRU) at McMaster University, are intended for clinicians. A detailed explanation of the strategies behind these limits can be found at http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/hedges/.

A limit by Empirical Human Populations will restrict retrieval to articles in which humans were specifically cited as the subject of a study or experiment. If you choose this option, you will be presented with a list of three age groups from which to choose: Childhood (birth to 12 years), Adolescence (13 to 17 years), and Adulthood (18+years).

To restrict retrieval by age in a more general way rather than by restricting to empirical studies specifically citing age, use the Age Groups limit.