The Abstracts (AB) field includes abstracts written or edited by the American Psychological Association (APA) for journal articles. APA abstracts contain information specifically targeted to be of use with various forms of literature.

For example, experimental and empirical articles will always contain the purpose of the study, the hypothesis, the subject population, methodology, results and significant conclusions. Names and genres of instruments used are included wherever possible, as well as names, dosage and route of administration of drugs.

The abstract index contains all searchable words from the abstract.

Use All searchable Fields (AF) to simultaneously search in all searchable fields in the database.

The fields excluded from an All Fields search are fields such as Heading Word (HW) which are created by the loading process and do not actually appear in the record, and Cited References (RF), which allows searching in all fields comprising the Cited References field.

The Age Group (AG) field contains a standardized description of specific population age groups related to the content of the document. A record may contain multiple Age Groups:

Both the code and the term are searchable. The results are displayed as part of the Population Group (PO) field. Age Groups are also available as a limit.

The Accession Number (AN) field appears in every record, and uniquely identifies the record. You can retrieve any specific record in the database with its accession number. It contains 12 numeric characters with hyphens in the YYYY-NNNNN-LLL format, structured as follows:

Examples:

The Author (AU) field contains the names of individual persons responsible for creation of the work represented by the record.

If all authors are not included, the last name listed is followed by "et al."

The author names are entered into the index as they appeared in the original document, in the format of last name followed by first and middle names or up to two initials. Thus, a person named "James C. Smith" may appear as "Smith James C," "Smith J Charles," "Smith, JC" or "Smith J" Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and the first initial.

If you are unsure of the spelling, view the index to see all versions and spellings of the name. See “Database Index Displays” in the Ovid Web Gateway Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

Patronymic suffixes, such as Jr., Sr., III, and so on, are included for display, but are not indexed, as are non-author roles, which include:

If no role is present, the role may be assumed to be "author".

Data in the author field may also comprise one or more of the following special cases:

The Parent Book Title (BT) field appears in chapter records only, and contains the title of the parent book in which the chapter appears.

The parent book information, combined with the Publisher Information (PU) and ISBN (IB) fields, enables users to obtain complete book bibliographic data from chapter records.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Type of Book (BY) field identifies the description or type of book.

Types of Books include:

The Type of Book is also available as a limit.

The Corporate/Institutional Author (CA) field contains the corporation or institution of the authors or editors as well as the department, sub-departments, and location. Enter the most significant words from a corporate author name to search this field.

If all corporate authors are not included, "et al" will appear after the last one.

The Cited Reference Date field contains at least the publication year for the respective reference. This field may contain month, day and/or time of publication or release, and will be present only in journal, book and book chapter references.

This field displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Classification Code (CC) is a numeric/alphanumeric codes representing broad subject categories within PsycINFO, such as "Learning and Motivation" or "Linguistics, Language and Speech." Searching the CC codes is a convenient way to limit an existing subject search to a particular setting (such as treatment, education, and so on) or area.

The numerical/alphanumeric CC codes are stored in the index. To view and select from the hierarchical list of codes and their scope notes, use the option "Tools/Classification Codes."

The Cited Reference DOI (CD) field contains the Digital Object Identifier of the electronic document cited in a record. These DOIs may contain full text access. The Cited Reference DOI displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Cited Reference Publisher (CE) field contains the publisher of the referenced publication. The Cited Reference Publisher displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Conference Information (CF) field contains the name, number, date and location of a conference at which the content of the document was presented.

Individual words are posted in the Conference Information index. Standard abbreviations are used for the institutional and geographical portions of the field, such as:

The Correction Date (CH) field appears in corrected records and contains the date the record was revised. When available, it displays in the Update Code (UP) field.

The Conference Note (CN) field contains information about additional conferences at which the content of a document was presented, or information about a conference from which the content of the document was derived.

This field is indexed and displayed as part of the Conference Information (CF) field.

The Correspondence Address (CQ) field contains the contact information for correspondence in regards to the document. This field will also contain the author e-mail address when available.

The Cited Reference Source (CS) field contains the title of the publication. For book references, title information will be found in the Cited Reference Title (CV) field.

The Cited Reference Source displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Cited Reference Author Last Name (CT) field contains the last name of the author for the source document. Authors may be Anonymous, Individual Authors, or Institutional Authors. The Cited Reference Author displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Cited Reference Author (CU) field contains the author for the source document. Authors may be Anonymous, Individual Authors, or Institutional Authors.

The Cited Reference Author displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Cited Reference Title (CV) field contains the title of the source document. The field may contain additional information but not limited to the following:

The Cited Reference Title displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

If you want to retrieve every Classification Code (CC) that includes a particular word or words, search for the desired word(s) in the Classification Codes Word (CW) field.

The Digital Object Identifier (DO) field contains the registered DOI for electronic documents. These DOIs may contain full text access.

The Document Type (DT) field identifies the specific kind of document, and explains what a document is as opposed to what it is about.

Document Types include:

Document Types are also available as Limits.

The Format Covered (FO) field identifies the broad, physical medium of the item covered by the record.

The Grant/Scholarship (GS) field identifies the source of funding, grants, and sponsorship for the record.

The Heading Word (HW) index allows you to retrieve every subject heading that includes a particular word by searching a single word in the Subject Heading (SH) field.

You can also view Subject Headings by using the Permuted Index in the Tools menu.

Book and chapter records added since 1987 are indexed with the work's intended general audience, something which is often explicitly stated by authors or publishers.  The American Psychological Association (APA) selects audience types from a standard list which can be quickly browsed in the Intended Audience (IA) field. 

Intended Audience terms include:

Intended Audience is also available as a limit.

The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN), and any qualifying text in parentheses. The qualifying text denotes binding type, volume number(s), publisher and/or the publisher location for which the ISBN was assigned. ISBNs have been included in PsycINFO since 1987.

The ISBN appears as a number separated by hyphens. Its purpose is to identify uniquely a book title, an edition of a book, or a monograph produced by a specific publisher. Each ISBN number contains the following parts:

However, despite this standard format, ISBNs vary enormously on the source documents. Consequently, they have also been put into the index without spaces or dashes.

You may search the ISBN with or without hyphens.

The Key Concepts (ID) field concisely summarizes a document's subject content. Indexers use the Key Concepts to supplement Subject Headings (SH).

For experimental literature, Key Concepts typically contain the independent variable, the dependent variable, and the subject population.

For non-experimental literature, Key Concepts consist of major concepts, time lines, populations, implications, or genre -- whatever information the indexer thinks will supplement other indexing information.

Individual words from the Key Concepts may be searched in this field.

The Institution (IN) field contains the author's name along with their affiliation, if indicated in the source document.

Although Author names display in this field, only the institution can be searched. Search for the most descriptive word in the institution's name, such as "harvard,"rather than "university."

Standard abbreviations are used in this field; the most critical ones include:

Institutions which are commonly known by initials (IBM, NIMH, WHO, INSERM) may be listed in initialed form in some records and are spelled out in others.

State and Province names must be searched by both spelled-out name and postal abbreviation. Country names (except USA and USSR) are spelled out.

The Issue/Part (IP) field contains the issue and/or part for a particular volume of a journal.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The ISSN Print (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for the print journal in which an article was published. It appears as a number separated by a hyphen. ISSNs have been included in PsycINFO since 1979.

To search the index, include hyphens, such as 1000-958X.

The ISSN Electronic (IT) field contains the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for the electronic journal in which an article was published. It appears as a number separated by a hyphen. ISSNs have been included in PsycINFO since 1979.

To search the index, include hyphens, such as 1000-958X.

The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which an article was published.

Enter as many of the words or letters in a journal name as are needed to distinguish it from other journals, for example, "cognitive sci$" for "Cognitive Science." To search by a journal word, use the Journal Word (JW) field.

This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Journal Word (JW) field contains individual words from every journal name in the database. This field is used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal which includes a particular word, such as "psychological."

The Language (LG) field contains the document's language(s) of publication.

The Locally Held (LH) field indicates (with a "Y" for "Yes" or an "N" for "No") if a journal is held at your library or institution. This information is designated by your OVID System Administrator.

The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by your Ovid System administrator to indicate holdings information about journals held in your library or institution.

The Location (LO) field contains a standardized description of locations, specifically country names, related to the content of the document. It may contain multiple locations.

The E-Mail Address (MA) field contains the email addresses of the persons responsible for the work represented by the record.

The Methodology (MD) field contains the specific kind of methodology used in a research study. Both the code and the term are searchable.

Methodology terms include:

Methodology terms are also available as limits.

The Publication Month/Season (MO) field may appear in Journal Article, Dissertation, or Report records only, and contains the month or season that the journal issue, Dissertation Abstracts International issue, or report was published.

The field usually consists of a three-character alphabetic abbreviation of the month or season.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Mapping (MP) alias is the "basic index" for PsycINFO.

When you perform an unqualified search (that is, a search that has not been qualified with the dot-dot syntax) in PscuINFO, Ovid searches the Title (TI), Abstract (AB), Subject Headings Word (HW), Table of Contents Titles/Headings (TC) and Key Phrase Identifiers (ID) fields.

The Format Availability (MT) field identifies the broad, physical medium(s) of the item that are available.  The field includes the Format Covered (FO), but may also include another format.

The Number of Cited References (NR) field contains the total number of references in the given article and the number of references displayed in the respective PsycINFO record.

This field field appears in journal article, book, and book chapter records only. The following details what displays in the Number of Cited References Field:

The Notes (NT) field contains various types of descriptive information, such as the relationship of the present work to a previous work. This is a free-text field used most frequently to capture complex publication histories. It contains miscellaneous information about the document, including reprint citations or information about forms of other previous publications of the content.

The Other Publishers (OC) field contains variations of the publisher name, resulting from publisher or publisher name changes.

The Other Serial Titles (OL) field contains variations of the serial title name, resulting from serial title changes.

UMI Dissertation Order Number (ON) contains the number assigned by University Microfilms International for ordering full-text dissertations represented in Dissertation Abstracts International.

The Translated Parent Book Title (OP) appears for chapter records only, and contains the English-language translation of the non-English title of the parent book in which the chapter appears.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Translated Book Series Title (OS) appears in Book or Chapter records only. It contains the English-language translation of the series title of a document written in a non-English language.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Original Title (OT) field contains non-English titles in the original document language. If the original title was in a non-Roman alphabet, the Original Title is transliterated or is not present.

When searching for French titles, omit article prefixes. For example, search for "heure" rather than "l'heure."

The Parent Book Author (PA) appears in chapter records only. It contains up to the first two authors of the "parent" book in which the chapter appears, included and displayed as part of the Source (SO) field. If a third or subsequent author exists for the parent book, "et al" appears.

Patronymic suffixes, such as Jr., Sr., III, and so on, are included for display, but are not indexed, as are non-author roles, which include:

If no role is present, the role may be assumed to be "author". 

Data in the Parent Book Author field may also comprise one or more of the following special cases:

The Pagination (PG) field consists of the inclusive pagination of a document. You can only search for the initial page, but the full page range displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Parent Book Institutional Author (PI) appears in Chapter records only, and contains up to the first two institutional authors of the book in which the chapter appears. If a third or subsequent institutional author exists for the parent book, "et al" appears.

Only the first component of the institution name is included in the field; other name components and geographic information do not appear.

Standard abbreviations are used in this field; the most critical ones include:

Institutions which are commonly known by initials (IBM, NIMH, WHO, INSERM) may be listed in initialed form in some records and are spelled out in others.

State and Province names must be searched by both spelled-out name and postal abbreviation. Country names (except USA and USSR) are spelled out.

The Publisher Location (PL) field appears in Book and Chapter records only. It contains the location (city, state, country) of up to two publishers of the book, or of the chapter's parent book.

This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Population Group (PO) field contains terms describing the subject population of the document. Population codes include:

Both the code and the term are searchable. Population groups are also available as a limit.

For records added to the database prior to 1997, a document which includes both animal and human subjects are specified as "animal." From 1997 on, both "animal" and "human" is specified when both subjects are included.

See the Age Groups (AG) field for a list of age groups, which also display in this field.

The Publication Type (PT) field identifies the general type of document.

Publication Types include:

Publication Types are also available as limits.

The Publisher Information (PU) field contains publisher information for books and chapters added since 1987.

This field appears in Book and Chapter records only. It contains the publisher name of up to two publishers of the book, or of the book in which the chapter appear.

This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Cited References (RF) field contains a complete or partial reference list to the source document. Partial reference lists are found when references are in non-Roman alphabets, do not refer to a published document, or exceed the number of occurrences allowed in a PsycINFO record. The Cited References field may appear in journal, book, and book chapter records if present, and may repeat up to 999 occurrences.

Use RF to simultaneously search in all searchable parts of the Cited References field, including Cited Reference Date (CB), Cited Reference Author Last Name (CT), Cited Reference Parent Document (CE), Cited Reference Source (CS) and Cited Reference Title (CV).

The Reviewed Item ISBN (RI) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) and binding type for the material being reviewed. ISBNs have been included in PsycINFO since 1987.

The ISBN appears as a number separated by hyphens. Its purpose is to identify uniquely a book title, an edition of a book, or a monograph produced by a specific publisher. Each ISBN number contains the following parts:

However, despite this standard format, ISBNs vary enormously on the source documents. Consequently, they have also been put into the index without spaces or dashes.

You may search the ISBN with or without hyphens. You may search the Reviewed Item ISBN field on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Translated Title (RL) index contains non-English titles in the original document language. If the original title was in a non-Roman alphabet, the original title is transliterated or it is not present.

You may search the Reviewed Item Translated Title field on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Other Info (RO) index contains other relevant information about the item being reviewed, such as publisher information and price.

You may search the Reviewed Item Other Info index on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Year (RR) field contains the year in which the item being reviewed was published. The year may be searched using four digits, such as "1994."

You may search the Reviewed Item Year index on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Title (RT) field contains the English language version of a title.

The following abbreviations are used in titles:

For documents which were not written in English, the original or transliterated title appears in a separate field, Original Title (OT).

You may search the Reviewed Item Title index on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Author (RU) field contains the names of individual persons responsible for creation of the work being reviewed. If all authors are not included, the last name listed is followed by "et al."

The author names are entered into the index as they appeared in the original document, in the format of last name followed by first and middle names or up to two initials. Thus, a person named "James C. Smith" may appear as "Smith James C," "Smith J Charles," "Smith, JC" or "Smith J" Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and the first initial.

If you are unsure of the spelling, view the index to see all versions and spellings of the name. See “Database Index Displays” in the Ovid Web Gateway Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

You may search the Reviewed Item Author index on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item (RV) field contains information about a book review found in the source document. This field appears most commonly in Peer-Reviewed Journal and Electronic Collection publication types.

This field is made up of the Reviewed Item Author (RU), Reviewed Item Title (RT), Reviewed Item Translated Title (RL), Reviewed Item Year (RR), Reviewed Item ISBN (RI), and Reviewed Item Other Info (RO) fields. Each of these fields can be searched individually, or the RV field can be searched with any term.

The Reprint Year (RY) field contains the year in which a book or chapter was reprinted, and is available for book and chapter records added since 1987.

The Reprint Year (RY) field must be searched as four digits, for example, "1994." Years must be searched individually; do not enter a range of years.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Subject Headings (SH) field contains the Subject Headings (also known as "descriptors" or "index terms") from the American Psychological Association's Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms. Indexers