Ovid Technologies Field Guide

PsycINFO® (PSYC)


Read about the changes to PsycINFO in the

Scope

The PsycINFO database covers the professional and academic literature in psychology and related disciplines including medicine, psychiatry, nursing, sociology, education, pharmacology, physiology, linguistics, and other areas. Coverage is worldwide, and includes references and abstracts to over 1300 journals (and in PsycINFO, to dissertations) in more than 30 languages, and to book chapters and books in the English language. Over 50,000 references are added annually. Popular literature is excluded.

This database offers Ovid Mapping, which is explained in the document entitled .


General Information

Producer
American Psychological Association
PsycINFO User Services Department
750 First Street NE
Washington, DC 20002-4242
(800) 374-2722 (in North America)
(202) 336-5650
Fax: (202) 336-5633
Email: psycinfo@apa.org
Website: http://www.apa.org

Years of Coverage
PsycINFO: 1887 to present

Default Fields for Unqualified Searches
TI, AB, HW, TY, ID

All Display/Print Fields
AN, AU, IN, CA, TI, OT, ST, YR, SO, JN, SI, LH, LM, IB, IS, ON, LG, AB, ID, SH, CC, PO, LO, AG, FC, SF, IA, CF, CN, NT, SP, TC, PT, UP

Default Display/Print Fields
AN, AU, IN, CA, TI, OT, ST, YR, SO, JN, SI, LH, LM, IB, IS, ON, LG, AB, ID, SH, CC, PO, LO, AG, FC, SF, IA, CF, CN, NT, SP, TC, PT, UP

Elements of SO (Source) Field
JN, PB, BT, DP, IP, MO, OP, OS, PA, PG, PI, PL, PU, RY, ST, VO

Online Update Frequency
PsycINFO: Weekly

Local Update Frequency
PsycINFO: Monthly


Searching the PsycINFO Fields

The following alphabetical list provides the two letter label, the relevant alias, and at least one example for all searchable PsycINFO fields:


=====        ============
Label        Name/Example
=====        ============
AB, CR       Abstract or Content Representation [Word Indexed]
             myers briggs.ab.
             clinical trials.cr.

Abstracts (AB) written or edited by APA are included for all journal
articles. APA abstracts are informative, containing information
specifically targeted to be of use with various forms of literature.

For example, experimental and empirical articles will always contain
the purpose of the study, the hypothesis, the subject population,
methodology, results and significant conclusions. Names and genres
of instruments used are included wherever possible, as well as names,
dosage and route of administration of drugs.

The abstract index contains all searchable words from the abstract.
Stopwords, such as the and of, are not searchable in abstracts.

AF           All Searchable Fields
             drug abuse.af.

Use the AF label to simultaneously search in all searchable fields in
the database.

AG           Age Group [Phrase Indexed]
             adulthood.ag.
             infancy.ag.

The Age Group (AG) field contains a standardized description of specific
population age groups related to the content of the document. A record
may contain multiple Age Groups:

	100 - Childhood (birth to 12 yrs)
	120 - Neonatal (birth to 1 mo)
	140 - Infancy (2 to 23 mo)
	160 - Preschool Age (2 to 5 yrs)
	180 - School Age (6 to 12 yrs)
	200 - Adolescence (13 to 17 yrs)
	300 - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
	320 - Young Adulthood (18 to 29 yrs)
	340 - Thirties (30 to 39 yrs)
	360 - Middle Age (40 to 64 yrs)
	380 - Aged (65 yrs & older)
	390 - Very Old (85 yrs & older)

Both the code and the term are searchable; but the modifying text in
parentheses is not searchable. The Age Groups are also available as limits.

AN, UI       Accession Number [Phrase Indexed]
             1993-97948-000.an.
             1995-85736-001.an.

The Accession Number (AN) field appears in every PsycINFO record, and
uniquely identifies the record. You can retrieve any specific record in
the database with its accession number.

A record's accession number contains 12 numeric characters with hyphens, 
structured as follows:

YYYY-NNNNN-LLL

YYYY	= year record was processed
NNNNN	= sequence of processing within a particular year; includes
	leading zeros
LLL	= sequence of record within a journal issue or book; will consist of
	zeros for Book records

Examples:

1997-18451-000 (Book record)
1997-18451-001 (Chapter record from above book)
1997-00388-002 (Journal Article, Dissertation, or Report record)
1997-00388-003 (Journal Article record from same journal issue as above)

For browsing convenience, the Publication Type displays to the left of
the AN, but is searchable only in the PT field.

AU           Authors [Phrase Indexed]
             smith alan j.au.
             smith-$.au.
             smith$.au.

The Author (AU) field contains the names of individual persons
responsible for creation of the work represented by record. If all
authors are not included, the last name listed is followed by et al.  
The author names are entered into the index as they appeared in the
original document, in the format of last name followed by first and
middle names or up to two initials.  Thus, a person named James C.
Smith may appear as Smith James C, Smith J. Charles, Smith J C or
Smith J.

Patronymic suffixes such as Jr., Sr., III, and so on are included for
display but are not indexed, as are non-author roles which include:
Editor (Ed), Compiler (Comp), Translator (Trans), Illustrator (Illus),
Photographer (Photo), and Reviewer (Revwr). If no role is indicated, the
role may be that of author.

Data in the author field may also comprise one or more of the following
special cases:

et al--subsequent authors were not captured, although they exist
No authorship indicated--the documents lists no author
Anonymous--the document identifies the author as Anonymous
Numerous contributors--the record represents a cluster of chapters,
the author of which are identified in the Abstract field (rare).

BT, BK       Parent Book Title [Word Indexed]
             therapy.bt.

The Parent Book Title (BT) field appears in chapter records only, and
contains the title of the parent book in which the chapter appears.

This parent book information, combined with the publisher and ISBN
fields, enables users to obtain complete book bibliographic data from
chapter records.

CA           Corporate/Institutional Authors [Word Indexed]
             national research council.ca.

The Corporate/Institutional Author (CA) field contains corporate or
institutional authors or editors, and lists the institution's name and
location as well as the department and sub-department.

If all corporate authors are not included, et al will appear after the
last one.

CC           Classification Codes [Phrase Indexed]
             2223.cc.
             "222".cc.
             "22".cc.

Classification Codes (CC) are 4-digit numbers representing broad subject
categories within PsycINFO such as Learning and Motivation or
Linguistics, Language, and Speech. Searching the CC codes is a
convenient way to limit an existing subject search to a particular
setting (such as treatment, education, and so on) or area.

The numerical CC codes are stored in the index. To view and select from
the hierarchical list of codes and their scope notes, use the
Tools/Classification Codes option.

CF           Conference Information [Word Indexed]
             psychoanalytic.cf.

Many books and articles contain material that was originally presented
at conferences. The Conference Information (CF) field contains the
name, number, date and location of a conference at which the content of
the document was presented.

Individual words are posted in the conference information index.
Standard abbreviations such as those used for institutions are used for
the institutional and geographical portions of the CF field, as in the 
following: College (Coll), Company (Co), Department (Dept), Hospital(Hosp), 
and so on. See the Database Chapter for a complete list of standard 
abbreviations.

CW           Classification Code Word [Word Indexed]
             vocational.cw.

Classification Codes Words (CW) is a word index of the Classification
Codes field (CC).

FC           Form/Content Type [Phrase Indexed]
             longitudinal study.fc.
             program evaluation.fc.

The Form/Content Type (FC) identifies the specific form or function of
the document. This field identifies what a document is as opposed to
what it is about.  So, for example, the Form/Content field will 
distinguish a document that is a literature review versus one that is 
about literature reviews.

A record may contain multiple Form/Content types:

Autobiography/Personal Account
Bibliography
Biography
Case Law
Comment
   Comment Appended
Conference Proceedings/Symposia
Editorial
Empirical Study
   Case Study
   Clinical Case Report
   Experimental Replication
   Followup Study
   Longitudinal Study
   Treatment Outcome Study
Errata/Retractions
Fiction/Creative Work
Interview
Letter
Literature Review/Research Review
Meta Analysis
Obituary
Oral History
Panel Discussion
Professional Policies/Standards
Program Evaluation
Reprint
Translation
Sponsor
Classroom Material
   Textbook
      Introductory Textbook
      Undergraduate Textbook
      Graduate Textbook
   Study/Curriculum/Resource Guide
   Workbook
Collected Works
Handbook/Manual/Guide
   Self-Help Guide
Reference Material
   Dictionary/Glossary
   Directory
   Encyclopedia
   Taxonomy
   Thesaurus
Selected Readings

The Form/Content types are also available as limits.

HW           Subject Heading Word [Word Indexed]
             counseling.hw.
             academic achievement.hw

Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every Subject Heading that includes
a particular word or words; this is done by searching the desired
word(s) in the Subject Heading Word (HW) field.

You can also view every Subject Heading which contains a particular word
by using the Tools/Permuted Index option.

IA, AT       Intended Audience [Phrase Indexed]
             general public.ia.
             psychology professional research.ia.

Book and chapter records added since 1987 are indexed with the work's
intended general audience, which often is explicitly stated
by authors or publishers. APA selects audience types from a standard
list which is found in the Intended Audience (IA) field.

General Public
Juvenile
Psychology: Professional & Research

Intended Audience is also available as a limit.

IB           ISBN [Phrase Indexed]
             0-7914-1059-5.ib.
             0080343074.ib.

The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number,
and any qualifying text in parentheses. The qualifying text denotes
binding type, volume number(s), publisher, and the publisher location
for which the ISBN was assigned.

The ISBN appears as a number separated by hyphens. Its purpose is to
identify uniquely a book title, an edition of a book, or a monograph
produced by a specific publisher. Each ISBN number consists of ten
digits separated into the following parts:

Group identifier (national, geographic, language, or other group)
Publisher or producer identifier
Title identifier
Check digit

However, despite this standard format, ISBN's vary enormously on the
source documents.  For example:

971-539-001-3
92-0-105595-1
0-913235-91-1
1-880653-23-0
0-08-042903-3

Consequently, they have also been put into the index without spaces or
dashes. You may search the ISBN with or without hyphens.

The IB field is available in book and chapter records added to PsycINFO
since 1987.

ID, KP       Key Phrase Identifiers [Word Indexed]
             hearing impaired.id.

The Key Phrase Identifiers (ID) field concisely summarizes subject 
content of a document. Indexers use the Key Phrase to describe a 
document in ways that are not accounted for by Subject Headings.

For experimental literature, the Key Phrases field typically contains
the independent variable, the dependent variable, and the subject
population.

For non-experimental literature, the Key Phrases field consists of major
concepts,  time lines, populations, implications, or genre--whatever
information the indexer thinks will supplement other indexing
information.


IN           Author Affiliation (Institution) [Word Indexed]
             tufts.in.

The Institution (IN) field contains the first author's affiliation, if
indicated in the source document.

Enter the single most descriptive word in the institution name; for
example, harvard not university.

Standard abbreviations (as listed in the PsycINFO User Manual) are used 
in the institution field; the most critical ones include Co for Company,
Coll for College, Dept for Department, Hosp(s) for Hospital(s), Inc
for Incorporated, and Lab(s) for Laboratory(ies). Institutions
commonly known by initials (such as NIMH, WHO, INSERM) may be listed by
initials for some records and spelled out for others (as in National 
Institute of Health).

State and Province names must be searched by both spelled-out name and
postal abbreviation. Country names (except USA and USSR) are spelled
out.

IP           Issue/Part
             93.ip.

The Issue/Part (IP) field contains the issue and/or part for a
particular volume of a journal. The IP field usually displays as part
of the Source (SO) field.

IS           ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
             0065-1400.is.

The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number
(ISSN) for the journal in which an article was published. It appears as
a number separated by hyphens (use hyphens in your search).

ISSNs have been included in PsycINFO since 1979.

JN           Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
             psychoanalytic review.jn.

The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in
which an article was published. This field is usually displayed as part
of the Source (SO) field.

Journal names are indexed as phrases. To view journal titles in the
index, enter as many of the words or letters in a journal name as are
needed to distinguish it uniquely from other journals, as in cognitive
sci$ for Congitive Science.

Stopwords such as the or of are included in the journal 
name index.  But when these words (The, A, or An), 
are the first word of a journal, they have been stripped.

JW           Journal Word [Word Indexed]
             occupational.jw.
             brain.jw.

The Journal Word (JW) field contains individual words from every
journal name in the database.

Stopwords such as the or of are not included. This field is used to
retrieve every occurrence of a journal which includes a particular word,
such as psychological.

LG, LA       Language [Phrase Indexed]
             eng.lg.

The Language (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of a
document. The language name is indicated both by a 3-letter abbreviation 
(such as fre for French) and the full language name (French).

Before 1971, the LG field for non-English documents contained only the
indication NonEnglish.

LO           Population Location [Word Indexed]
             austria.lo.
             usa.lo.

The Population Location (LO) field contains a standardized description of
population locations (specifically, country names) related to the content
of the document. The LO field may contain multiple population locations.

MO           Publication Month/Season [Word Indexed]
             jul.mo.
             sum.mo.

The Publication Month/Season (MO) field may appear in Journal Article,
Dissertation, or Report records only, and contains the month or season
that the journal issue, Dissertation Abstracts International issue, or
report was published.

The field usually consists of a three-character, alphabetic abbreviation
of the month or season.

MP	     Mapping Alias (TI, AB, HW, TY, ID)

The Mapping Alias (MP) field is the basic index for PsycINFO.  An 
unqualified search (a search not qualified with dot-cot syntax) is 
searched in the subject bearing fields of the database.  The Mapping
Alias includes Title (TI), Abstract (AB), Subject Headings Word (HW), 
Table of Contents Titles/Headings (TY), and Key Phrase Identifiers (ID).

NT           Notes [Word Indexed]
             reprint.nt.

The Notes (NT) field contains various types of descriptive information,
such as the relationship of the present work to a previous work. Most 
often, this free-text field is used to capture complex publication
histories. It contains miscellaneous information about the document,
including reprint citations or information about forms of other previous
publications of the content.

ON           UMI Dissertation Order Number [Phrase Indexed]
             da9501557.on.
             dann89486.on.

UMI Dissertation Order Number (ON) field contains the number assigned by
University Microfilms International for ordering full-text dissertations
represented in Dissertation Abstracts International. The UMI
Dissertation Order Number usually consists of a 9-character
alphanumeric sequence.

OP           Translated Parent Book Title [Word Indexed]
             automatises.op.

The Translated Parent Book Title (OP) field appears for chapter records 
only and contains the English-language translation of the non-English 
title of the parent book in which the chapter appears. This field displays 
as part of the Source (SO) field.

OS           Translated Book Series Title [Word Indexed]
             cultura.os.

The Translated Book Series Title (OS) field appears in Book or Chapter 
records only. It contains the English-language translation of the series 
title of a document written in a non-English language.

OT, TT       Original Title [Word Indexed]
             pathologique.ot.

The Original Title (OT) field contains non-English titles in the
original document language. If the original title was in a non-Roman
alphabet, the OT is transliterated or is not present

PA           Parent Book Author [Word Indexed]
             plomin robert.pa.
             blanchard$.pa.

The Parent Book Author (PA) field appears in chapter records only. The
field contains up to the first two authors of the parent book in
which the chapter appears. If a third or subsequent author exists for
the parent book, et al appears.

Patronymic suffixes (such as Jr., Sr., III, and so on) are included for
display, but are not indexed as are non-author roles such as the following:
Editor (Ed), Compiler (Comp), Translator (Trans), Illustrator (Illus),
Photographer (Photo), and Reviewer (Revwr). If no role is indicated, the
role may be that of author.

Data in the author field may also comprise one or more of the following
special cases:

et al--subsequent authors were not captured, although they exist
No authorship indicated--the documents lists no author
Anonymous--the document identifies the author as Anonymous

PG           Page [Word Indexed]
             402.pg.

The Page (PG) field consists of the inclusive pagination of a document.
This field is usually displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.

PI           Parent Book Institutional/Corporate Author [Word Indexed]
             national research council.pi.

The Parent Book Institutional/Corporate Author (PI) appears in Chapter
records only, and contains up to the first two institutional authors of
the parent book in which the chapter appears. If a third or subsequent
institutional author exists for the parent book, et al appears.

Only the first component of the institution name is included in the
field (other name components and geographic information do not appear).

PL           Publisher Location
             sarasota.pl.
             australia.pl.

The Publisher Location (PL) field appears in Book and Chapter records
only. It contains the location (city, state, country) of up to two
publishers of the book, or of the chapter's parent book. This field
usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

PO           Populations [Phrase Indexed]
             child.po.

The Population (PO) field contains terms describing the subject
population of the document.

Population codes include:

10 Human
20 Animal
30 Male
40 Female
50 Inpatient
60 Outpatient

Both the code and the term are searhable. Population groups are also
available as limits.

For records added to the database prior to 1997, a document which
includes both animal and human subjects is specified as animal.
From 1997 on, both animal and human are specified when both
subjects are included.

Age group terms also display in this field and are searchable in the
Age Groups (AG) index.

PT, MT, DT   Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
             edited book.pt.
             secondary publication.pt.

The Publication Type (PT) field identifies the general type of document.
Publication Types (PT) include:

Book
   Authored Book
   Edited Book
Chapter
Journal Article
Secondary Publication
   Dissertation Abstract
Report

PU           Publisher [Word Indexed]
             harpercollins.pu.

The Publisher (PU) field contains publisher information for books and
chapters added since 1987.

This field appears in Book and Chapter records only.  It contains the name 
(or names) of up to two publishers of the book, or of the chapter's
parent book. It usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.


RY           Reprint Year [Phrase Indexed]
             1990.ry.
             "91".ry.

The Reprint Year (RY) field contains the year in which a book or chapter
was reprinted. The Reprint Year (RY) field must be searched as four
digits, such as 1994.

Years must be searched individually; a range of years cannot be searched.

The Reprint Year is available for book and chapter records added since
1987, and normally displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

SD           Source Description [Word Indexed]
             1-10.sd.

The Source Description (SD) field contains bibliographic information
about the source document, including year and month of publication,
volume and issue numbers, and pagination. Source description appears
for journal articles only.

The Source Description is made up of the Date of Publication (DP),
Issue/Part (IP), Publication Month/Season (MO), Pagination (PG),
and Volume (VO) fields.

SF           Special Feature [Phrase Indexed]
             computer software.sf.
             transparencies.sf.

The Special Feature (SF) field identifies the presence of specific
features in, or items accompanying, the document.

Index
Non-English Abstracts
References
Assessment Instrument
Auxiliary Materials
   Audiocassette
   Computer Software
   Instructors Manual
   Study Guide
   Test Bank
   Transparencies
   Videocassette
   Workbook
   Manual

Special Features are also available as limits.

SH, DE, CT, SW   Subject Headings [Phrase Indexed]
                 imagery/
                 crisis intervention.sh.
                 childhood development.de.
                 *reasoning/

The Subject Headings (SH) field contains the Subject Headings (also
known as descriptors or index terms) used by indexers at the APA to 
describe the content of a document.

PsycINFO Subject Headings are taken from APA's Thesaurus of 
Psychological Index Terms and can be looked up by using the 
Tools/Thesaurus option from the pull-down menu option.

Subject Headings are entered into the index as phrases and should be
searched exactly as they appear in the Thesaurus.

Subject headings which describe the major point (focus) of a document
are preceded with an asterisk (*).

SI           Special Issue Title [Word Indexed]
             music child development.si.

The Special Issue Title (SI) field appears in Journal Article
records only and contains the special issue title of the journal in
which the article appears.

SO           Source
             american psychologist.so.

The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the basic information
needed to locate a citation, including the Journal Name or Monograph
Publisher, the vol/issue, pagination, and year of publication. The fields
which make up the Source field are: Journal Name (JN), Parent Book Title
(BT), Date of Publication (DP), Issue Part (IP), Publication
Month/Season (MO), Translated  Parent Book Title (OP), Translated Book
Series Title (OS), Parent Book Author (PA), Pagination (PG), Parent
Book Institutional/Corporate Author (PI), Publisher Location (PL),
Publisher (PU), Book Reprint Year (RY), Book Series Title (ST), and
Volume (VO).

SP, SA       Sponsor [Word Indexed]
             mcdonnell-pew.sp.

The Sponsor field (SP) contains the name and location of up to four
corporations, institutions, or organizations responsible for
contributions of direct or indirect funding and other support
resulting in the creation of the source document.

Individual words from the SP field are posted in the index. Enter the
most descriptive word to search for a sponsor.


ST           Book Series Title [Word Indexed]
             artificial intelligence.st.

If present, the Series Title (ST) field appears in Book or Chapter
records only. It contains the series title (and volume or number, if
applicable) of the book or of the chapter's parent book.

The ST field is present in about one-third of book records.

TC           Table of Contents [Word Indexed]
             glossary.tc.

The Table of Contents (TC) field exists in book records added since 1987,
and includes front matter such as prefaces, forewords and introductions,
section headings and subheadings, chapter titles, substantive headings
and subheadings of sections within chapters, and back matter such as
appendices, conclusions, afterwards, glossaries, indexes, and so on.
If the Table of Contents is abbreviated, it contains the indication
abbreviated. Author names follow the chapter titles.

TI            Title [Word Indexed]
              cognition.ti.

The Title (TI) field contains the English language version of a title.

If the language of the document is not English, you will see the
language of the document in square brackets after the title.

For documents which were not written in English, the original or
transliterated title usually appears in a separate field, Original
Title (OT).

TW           Textword (TI, AB, ID)
             defense mechanism$.tw.

The Textword (TW) field is an alias for all of the fields in the
database which contain text words and which are appropriate for a
free-text subject search.

The Text word fields in PsycINFO and PsycLIT include Title (TI),
Abstract (AB), Key Phrase Identifiers (ID), and Table of Contents (TC).

UP           Update Code [Phrase Indexed]
             20000719.up.

The Update Code (UP) field appears in all PsycINFO records and contains
the date the record was released into the PsycINFO database. Sometimes, 
it is referred to as the Entry Week.

It consists of eight digits, in YYYYMMDD format, where YYYY is the
release year, MM is the release month, and DD is the release day.

VO           Volume [Phrase Indexed]
             "2".vo.

The Volume (VO) field contains the volume number of a journal issue.  
Usually, the Volume field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

YR, PY       Publication Year [Phrase Indexed]
             1996.yr.

The Year (YR) field contains the year in which a document was
published. The year must be searched using four digits, as in 1994.

Only individual years may be searched here; do not enter a range of
years. To restrict sets to range of years, use Limit to Publication Year.

The Year is normally displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.

PsycINFO Limits

The following limits are available from the Limit menu on the Main Search Screen:

Popular Command and Sentence Syntax Limits:


Age
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to adult

Animal
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to animal

Disordered Populations
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to disordered

Empirical Human Populations
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to adulthood

English Language
Command Syntax:        ..l/1 en=y
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to english

Human
Command Syntax:        ..l/1 hu=y
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to human

Journal Articles
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to journal articles

Languages
Command Syntax:        ..l/1 lg=fre
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to french

Latest Update
Command Syntax:        ..l/1 up=y
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to latest update
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to update
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to up=9607
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to up=9501-9512

Non-Disordered Populations
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to non disordered

Publication Types
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to case report
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to literature review

Publication Year
Command Syntax:        ..l/1 yr=93
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to yr=1993

Tests/Measurements as Subject of Article or Study
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to tests

Treatment and Prevention
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to treatment


Change to PsycINFO from Another Database

Search Label:

Examples:


Sample PsycINFO Documents


Accession Number
  Journal Article:  1996-02163-005.
Author
  Bates, J. H. T;  Bradwejn, J.
Institution
  McGill U, Meakins-Christie Labs of the Royal Victoria Hosp, Montreal, PQ,
  Canada.
Title
  Ventilatory response to cholecystokinin tetrapeptide in anaesthetized
  dogs.
Source
  Neuroreport: an International Journal for the Rapid Communication of
  Research in Neuroscience. Vol 6(18), Dec 1995, 2513-2517.
ISSN
  0959-4965
Language
  English
Abstract
  Examined the ventilatory response to cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide (CCK-4)
  injections in 7 anesthetized dogs, with implications in the genesis of
  panic disorder. Arterial blood pressure, and spontaneous respiratory and
  ventilatory responses were measured before and after the injections.
  Results show that there was a significant immediate and transient increase
  in minute ventilation, lasting 1-2 min. Repeated CCK-4 injections produced
  a reduced response, suggestive of a slight degree of tachyphylaxis. Blood
  pressure and heart rate changed only slightly, while respiratory
  mechanical parameters remained unchanged, following the CCK-4
  administration. Thus, CCK-4 has a significant effect on ventilation in the
  anesthetized dogs, suggesting that this species may provide a useful
  quantitative assay for the anxiogenic effects of CCK. ((c) 1997
  APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved)
Key Phrase Identifiers
  cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide, ventilatory response & blood pressure, dogs,
  implications for panic disorder
Subject Headings
  *Blood Pressure
  *Cholecystokinin
  *Respiration
  Panic Disorder
  Rats
Classification Code
  Psychopharmacology [2580]
Population Group
  Animal.
Form/Content Type
  Empirical Study.
Special Feature
  References.
Publication Type
  Journal Article
Publication Year
  1995
Update Code
  19970101


Accession Number
  Authored Book:  1996-98028-000.
Author
  Olness, Karen;  Kohen, Daniel P.
Institution
  Case Western Reserve U, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Title
  Hypnosis and hypnotherapy with children (3rd ed.).
Source
  New York, NY, USA: Guilford Press. 1996, xiv, 457.
ISBN
  1-57230-054-X (hardcover)
Language
  English
Abstract
  (from the jacket) "Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy with Children" combines an
  up-to-date review of relevant literature with [a] discussion of
  psychological and medical applications.
  The 1st section of the volume puts hypnosis and hynotherapy with children
  in its historical context. The authors review early contributions to the
  field, starting from the late 18th century. Moving into the present day,
  chapters describe the theoretical framework for hypnosis with children and
  the wide variety of induction techniques and strategies now available to
  the practitioner.
  The 2nd . . . section focuses on clinical applications. . . . Integrated
  throughout is substantially enriched clinical case material, illustrating
  the use of specific techniques and providing examples from actual hypnosis
  sessions. . . . [The book is] a resource for child health professionals
  including child psychotherapists and psychiatrists, pediatricians, family
  physicians, nurses, and school counselors. ((c) 1997 APA/PsycINFO, all
  rights reserved)
Key Phrase Identifiers
  hypnosis & hypnotherapy, children
Subject Headings
  *Child Psychotherapy
  *Hypnosis
  *Hypnotherapy
  Children
Classification Code
  Clinical Hypnosis [3351]
Population Group
  Human.  Childhood (birth-12 yrs).
Special Feature
  References.
Intended Audience
  Psychology: Professional & Research.
Table of Contents
   Part I. Hypnosis with children
    Scenes of childhood
    Early uses of hypnosis with children
    Norms of hypnotizability in children
    Correlates of childhood hypnotic responsiveness
    Hypnotic induction for children: Techniques, strategies, and approaches
   Part II. Hypnotherapy with children
    General principles of child hypnotherapy
    Hypnotherapy for psychological disorders
    Hypnotherapy for habit disorders
    Hypnotherapy for problems in learning and performance
    Hypnotherapy for pain control
    Hypnotherapy for pediatric medical problems
    Hypnotherapy in pediatric surgery and emergencies
    Hypnotherapy for grief and mourning and with the terminally ill child
    Biofeedback and child hypnotherapy
    Self-hypnosis: A tool for prevention and prophylaxis
    Psychoneuroimmunology
    Teaching child hypnotherapy
    Looking to the future
   Appendices
   Author index
   Subject index
Publication Type
  Authored Book
Publication Year
  1996
Update Code
  19970101


Accession Number
  Edited Book:  1996-97964-000.
Author
  Green, Leonard (Ed);  Kagel, John H. (Ed).
Institution
  Washington U, Dept of Psychology, St Louis, MO, USA.
Title
  Advances in behavioral economics, Vol. 3:  Substance use and abuse.
Book Series Title
  Advances in behavioral economics.
Source
  Norwood, NJ, USA: Ablex Publishing Corp. 1996, xii, 254.
ISBN
  1-56750-147-8 (hardcover)
ISSN
  0890-0159
Language
  English
Abstract
  (from the introduction) [The editors] believe that behavioral economics
  will provide some valuable insights and findings to advance our
  understanding and analysis of substance use, and to improve treatment of
  substance abuse and addiction. . . . Contemporary research and theory in
  substance use and abuse exemplify the value of transdisciplinary work.
  Behavioral economics, combining the psychologist's laboratory-based
  experimental analyses of behavior with the economist's conceptual and
  empirical breadth and richness, represents 1 of the contemporary
  transdisciplinary themes. In this volume of "Advances," researchers from
  the disciplines of economics, psychology, and pharmacology present recent
  empirical and theoretical work informed by a behavioral-economic
  perspective. ((c) 1997 APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved)
Key Phrase Identifiers
  behavioral economic approaches to substance abuse research & treatment
Subject Headings
  *Behavior
  *Drug Abuse
  *Economics
  Drug Rehabilitation
Classification Code
  Substance Abuse & Addiction [3233]
Population Group
  Human.
Special Feature
  References.
Intended Audience
  Psychology: Professional & Research.
Table of Contents
   Introduction
  *   Drug dependence as consumer demand  / Richard J. DeGrandpre and Warren
    K. Bickel
  *   Reducing drug abuse by enriching the environment with alternative
    nondrug reinforcers  / Marilyn E. Carroll
  *   Modeling drug abuse policy in the behavioral economics laboratory  /
    Warren K. Bickel and Richard J. DeGrandpre
  *   The role of behavioral economics in the behavioral pharmacology of
    drugs of abuse: A commentary  / Chris-Ellyn Johanson, Charles R. Schuster
    and William L. Woolverton
  *   Elasticity of demand for alcohol in humans and rats  / Gene M. Heyman
  *   The molar context of alcohol abuse  / Rudy E. Vuchinich and Jalie
    Tucker
  *   A model of the consumption of alcohol  / Dagobert L. Brito and Craig
    K. Strain
  *   A review of economic models of habitual and addictive behavior and
    their empirical applications to cigarette smoking  / Frank J. Chaloupka
  *   A behavioral-economic perspective on the influence of social support
    on cigarette smoking  / Edwin B. Fisher, Jr.
   Author index
   Subject index
Publication Type
  Edited Book
Publication Year
  1996
Update Code
  19970101


Accession Number
  Chapter:  1996-97964-009.
Author
  Fisher, Edwin B. Jr.
Institution
  Washington U, Dept of Psychology, St Louis, MO, USA.
Chapter Title
  A behavioral-economic perspective on the influence of social support on
  cigarette smoking.
Source
  Green, Leonard (Ed);  Kagel, John H. (Ed);  et al. (1996). Advances in
  behavioral economics, Vol. 3:  Substance use and abuse. Advances in
  behavioral economics. (pp. 207-236). Norwood, NJ, USA: Ablex Publishing
  Corp. xii, 254 pp.
ISBN
  1-56750-147-8 (hardcover)
Language
  English
Abstract
  (from the introduction) conventional models of social support view it as a
  class of resources . . . that assists an individual in coping with stress
  or that facilitates appropriate behavior / suggests an alternative
  framework within which to conceputalize and study the effects of social
  support, one derived from a behavioral-economic perspective / suggests we
  view social support as a commodity or reinforcer in its own right, one
  that is substitutable for other reinforcers such as nicotine / contrasts
  predictions that derive from the behavioral-economic model of support as a
  reinforcer substitutable for other reinforcers with those from a model of
  support as an instrumental resource, and articulates implications for
  intervention strategies ((c) 1997 APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved)
Key Phrase Identifiers
  behavioral economic perspective on social support as reinforcer substitute
  vs instrumental resource influence on cigarette smoking
Subject Headings
  *Economics
  *Social Support Networks
  *Tobacco Smoking
  Behavior
  Reinforcement
Classification Code
  Drug & Alcohol Usage (Legal) [2990]
Population Group
  Human.
Special Feature
  References.
Intended Audience
  Psychology: Professional & Research.
Publication Type
  Chapter
Publication Year
  1996
Update Code
  19970101

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Revised 31 July 2000