PSYNDEXplus with TestFinder
Literature & Audiovisual Media (PSYN)
Database Guide

Table of Contents:
Scope | General Information | Database Fields | Advanced Searching
Stopwords | Limits | Tools | Changing to this Database from Another Database
Sample Documents | Copyright Information | Updated

Read about the changes to this database in the Reload News!

Scope

The PSYNDEXplus with TestFinder Literature & Audiovisual Media Database contains summaries of psychological publications in German and English from authors in the German-speaking countries. Yearly, about 7,850 journal articles, books, chapters, reports, and dissertations are documented. Audiovisual media from the field of psychology are also included. All records are indexed with the "Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms" (Copyr. Am. Psych. Assn., 10th ed., 2004, all rights reserved; translated and adapted by permission of the American Psychological Association). The database is searchable in German and English.

The Thesaurus Index Terms and Classification Categories are copyrighted by the American Psychological Association (2004). All Rights Reserved; contact psycinfo@apa.org for more information.
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General Information

Producer
      Universitaet Trier
ZPID
Universitaetsring 15
Trier D-54286
Germany
Tel: 011-49-651-201-2869
Fax: 011-49-651-201-2071
Email: bonfig@zpid.uni-trier.de
Segments and Years of Coverage
 

PSYN (1977-Present)

The limit of databases that you can select for a multifile search session is based upon database segments rather than actual databases. The Ovid multifile segment limit is set at 120 to avoid impacting your search sessions. This database includes 1 segment.

Online Update Frequency
  Monthly
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Database Fields

The following lists are sorted alphabetically by field alias. Click a field name to see the description and search information.
All Fields in this Database
  Abstract (AB) Free Descriptors (FD) Pagination (PG)
  Abstract Language (AL) German Abstract (GA) Parent Book Title (BT)
  Accession Number (AN) German Classification Categories (CG) Parent Book Author (PA)
  Age Group (AG) German Free Descriptors (FG) Population (LO)
  Author (AU) German Subject Headings (SG) Publisher Information (PU)
  Author Address (AD) Heading Word (HW) Publisher Location (PL)
  Book Price (PR) Institution (IN) Publisher URL (UB)
  Classification Categories (CX) ISBN (IB) Publication Type (PT)
  Classification Codes (CC) ISSN (IS) Series Title (SE)
  Classification Word (CW) Issue Part (IP) Special Feature (SF)
  Corporate URL (CU) Journal Name (JN) Source (SO)
  Country (CY) Journal URL (JU) Subject Headings (SH)
  Date of Doctoral Theses (PD) Journal Word (JX) Title (TI)
  Doctoral Supervisor (DS) Key Phrase (KP) University Location (UO)
  Document Location (DL) Language (LG) University Name (UN)
  Domain (DM) Media Type (MT) Update Code (UP)
  E-Mail Address (MA) Notes (NT) URL (UR)
  English Abstract (EA) Non-Thesaurus Subject Headings (DE) URL Author (UA)
  Form / Content Type (FC) Number of Edition (NE) Volume (VO)
  Form / Content Type Code (DC) Number of References (NR) Year of Publication (YR)
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Default Fields for Unqualified Searches: Searching for a term without specifying a field searches the following fields.
  Abstract (AB) Free Descriptors (FD) Subject Headings (SH)
  Classification Categories (CX) German Abstract (GA) Title (TI)
  German Classification Categories (CG) German Free Descriptors (FG)  
  English Abstract (EA) German Subject Headings (SG)  
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Default Fields for Display, Print, Email, and Save: The following fields are included by default for each record.

  Abstract (AB) Document Type Code (DC) Media Type (MT)
  Abstract Language (AL) English Abstract (EA) Number of References (NR)
  Accession Number (AN) Form / Content Type (FC) Parent Book Author (PA)
  Age Group (AG) Free Descriptors (FD) Publication Type (PT)
  Author (AU) German Abstract (GA) Special Feature (SF)
  Author Address (AD) German Free Descriptors (FG) Source (SO)
  Author E-Mail Address (MA) German Subject Headings (SG) Subject Headings (SH)
  Classification Categories (CX) Institution (IN) Title (TI)
  German Classification Categories (CG) ISBN (IB) Update Code (UP)
  Classification Codes (CC) ISSN (IS) URL (UR)
  Corporate URL (CU) Journal Name (JN) URL Author (UA)
  Country (CY) Journal URL (JU) URL Publisher (UB)
  Doctoral Supervisor (DS) Key Phrase (KP) Volume (VO)
  Document Location (DL) Language (LG) Year of Publication (YR)
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All Fields for Display, Print, Email, and Save: Use the Select Fields button in the Results Manager at the bottom of the Main Search Page to choose the fields for a record.

  Abstract (AB) Document Type Code (DC) Media Type (MT)
  Abstract Language (AL) English Abstract (EA) Number of References (NR)
  Accession Number (AN) Form / Content Type (FC) Parent Book Author (PA)
  Age Group (AG) Free Descriptors (FD) Publication Type (PT)
  Author (AU) German Abstract (GA) Special Feature (SF)
  Author Address (AD) German Free Descriptors (FG) Source (SO)
  Author E-Mail Address (MA) German Subject Headings (SG) Subject Headings (SH)
  Classification Categories (CX) Institution (IN) Title (TI)
  German Classification Categories (CG) ISBN (IB) Update Code (UP)
  Classification Codes (CC) ISSN (IS) URL (UR)
  Corporate URL (CU) Journal Name (JN) URL Author (UA)
  Country (CY) Journal URL (JU) URL Publisher (UB)
  Doctoral Supervisor (DS) Key Phrase (KP) Volume (VO)
  Document Location (DL) Language (LG) Year of Publication (YR)
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Elements of Source (SO) Field: Ovid searches the following fields as part of the record source.
  Book Price (PR) Pagination (PG) Series Title (SE)
  Date of Doctoral Theses (PD) Parent Book Author (PA) University Location (UO)
  Issue Part (IP) Parent Book Title (BT) University Name (UN)
  Journal Name (JN) Population (LO) Volume (VO)
  Notes (NT) Publisher Information (PU) Year of Publication (YR)
  Number of Edition (NE) Publisher Location (PL)  
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A note on Bilingual (German/English) Database Structure

Titles, descriptors, and classification categories are searchable in German and English for all records (except PSYNDEXalert records which do not have descriptors or classification categories.) 96% of the records have German abstracts (71% German abstracts only; 29% both German and English abstracts). 26% of the records have English abstracts (8% English abstracts only; 92% both English and German abstracts). 3% of the records (all PSYNDEXalert records) no not have abstracts.

When searching German words and names, it is necessary to type ae , oe , ue, and ss in place of the German umlauts and double-s. Word root searches are especially recommended in German.

For word root searches place an asterisk (*) at the end of the desired word root:

drogen*

This search will simultaneously access all words beginning with drogen, e.g., "Drogen", "drogensuechtig", "drogenabhaengig", "Drogentherapie", etc.

Searches should be formulated in both German and English if searching PSYNDEXplus with TestFinder. If searching PSYNDEXplus with TestFinder together with other (English-language only) databases, searches should be formulated in English.

The following list is sorted alphabetically by the two-letter label, and includes the relevant alias, at least one example for all searchable fields, and a description of the field.

Label Name / Example
AB Abstract [Word Indexed]
Gesundheitsaktion.ab.

 

The Abstract (AB) field contains the German and English language abstracts. Prior to 1994 all citations featured a German abstract and approximately one-third of all citations featured an additional English abstract. From 1994 on German publications feature only a German abstract, while English publications feature only an English abstract. The name of the abstract source is provided.

96% of the records have German abstracts (71% German abstracts only; 29% both German and English abstracts). 26% of the records have English abstracts (8% English abstracts only; 92% both English and German abstracts). 3% of the records (all PSYNDEXalert records) no not have abstracts.
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AD Author Address [Word Indexed]
aachen.ad.

 

The Author Address (AD) field contains the address of the first author listed in the Author (AU) field at the time of publication. Author Address is documented only if mentioned in the publication and when an institutional affiliation is not given.

This field does not appear in every record.

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AG Age Group [Phrase Indexed]
childhood.ag.

 

The Age Group (AG) field indicates which age group(s) are included in records with human populations. Possible age groups and corresponding age ranges are as follows. When searching, use only the name of the age group.

Childhood (birth - 12 yrs)

Adulthood (18 yrs & older)

Neonatal (birth - 1 mo)

Young-Adulthood (18 - 29 yrs)

Infancy (2 - 23 mo)

Thirties (30 - 39 yrs)

Preschool-Age (2 - 5 yrs)

Middle-Age (40 - 64 yrs)

School-Age (6 - 12 yrs)

Aged (65 yrs & older)

Adolescence (13 - 17 yrs)

Very-Old (85 yrs & older)

This field does not appear in every record.

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AL Abstract Language [Word Indexed]
german.al.

 

The Abstract Language (AL) field contains the language(s) of the abstract(s). The abstract languages available are German and English.

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AN Accession Number [Phrase Indexed]
"2000751".an.

 

The Accession Number (AN) is a 7-digit unique identifier assigned to each record in the database. Leading zeros need not be entered (e.g., 45895.an).

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AU Author [Phrase Indexed]
gaab jens.au.

 

The Author (AU) field contains the names of individual persons responsible for creation of the work represented by the record. Authors' and collaborators names appear last name first.

If an author or collaborator has performed a specific function in the creation of a document, this function will be noted, enclosed in parentheses. The following functions (only available in German) are used in the PSYNDEXplus with TestFinder - Literature & Audiovisual Media Database:

Bearb. or Bearbeiter Mitarb. or Mitarbeiter
Diskussionsteilnehmer Redaktion
Ed. Uebersetzer
Interviewpartner Verfasser

All authors are listed.
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BT Parent Book Title [Word Indexed]
vadis.bt.

 

The Parent Book Title (BT) field appears in Chapter records only, and contains the title of the parent book in which the chapter appears.

The parent book information, combined with the publisher and ISBN fields, enables users to obtain complete book bibliographic data from chapter records. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.
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CC Classification Codes [Phrase Indexed]
"4520".cc.

 

The Classification Code (CC) field contains numeric codes that correspond to the Classification Categories (CX) and German Classification Categories (CG).  Categories and Codes are from the "Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms" (Copyr. Am. Psych. Assn., 9th ed., 2001, all rights reserved; translated and adapted by permission of the American Psychological Association).

The CC field displays with its corresponding Classification Category in the Classification Categories (CX) and German Classification Categories (CG) fields. To view and select from the hierarchical list of Classificaton Categories, use the option "Tools/Classification Codes."

These Classification Codes are different from the Classification Codes in PSYNDEX Tests (PSKM).
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CG German Classification Categories [Phrase Indexed]
aufmerksamkeit.cg.

 

The German Classification Categories (CG) field contains ZPID's German translation of the Classification Categories from the "Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms" (Copyr. Am. Psych. Assn., 9th ed., 2001, all rights reserved; translated and adapted by permission of the American Psychological Association).

There are 157 Classification Categories (22 main categories and 135 subcategories). Each record is indexed with at least one and up to four Classification Categories / Classification Codes.

The CG field contains the German Classification Categories and the CX field contains the English Classification Categories. These German Classification Categories are different from the German Classification Categories in the Tests Database of PSYNDEXplus with TestFinder (PSKM).

This field does not appear in PSYNDEXalert records.

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CU Corporate URL [Word Indexed]
aidsfinder.cu.

 

The Corporate URL (CU) field contains the URL address for the Corporation.

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CW Classification Word [Word Indexed]
genetics.cw.

 

Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every Classification Code that includes a particular word or words. This is done by searching the desired word(s) in the Classification Code Word (CW) field.

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CX Classification Categories [Phrase Indexed]
motor processes.cx.

 

The Classification Categories (CX) field and its corresponding Classification Codes (CC) numeric field place each record in the PSYNDEXplus with TestFinder - Literature & Audiovisual Media Database within certain broad areas of psychology. Classification Categories and Codes are from the "Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms" (Copyr. Am. Psych. Assn., 9th ed., 2001, all rights reserved; translated and adapted by permission of the American Psychological Association).

There are 157 Classification Categories (22 main categories and 135 subcategories). Each record is indexed with at least one and up to four Classification Categories/Classification Codes.

The CX field contains the English Classification Categories and the CG field contains the German Classification Categories.

This field does not appear in PSYNDEXalert records.

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CY Country [Phrase Indexed]
luxembourg.cy.

 

The Country (CY) field lists the country of the first author's institution or address (at the time of publication). Country names are in English and are displayed with their corresponding international car codes.

This field does not appear in every record.

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DC Form/Content Type Code [Phrase Indexed]
"11".dc.

 

The Form/Content Type Code (DC) field contains a 4 digit code that corresponds to a specific Form/Content Type (FC).

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DE Non-Thesaurus Subject Headings [Display Only]

 

The Non-Thesaurus Subject Headings (DE) field contains entries from the subject heading that are not actual terms in the Thesaurus. This field is indexed via the Subject Headings (SH).

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DL Document Location [Word Indexed]
"11".dl.

 

The Document Location (DL) field contains the location of theses, reports, and audiovisual media. The Document Location displays within the Source (SO) field.
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DM Domain [Word Indexed]
therapy.dm.

 

The Domain (DM) field indicates that a record belongs to one or more of the following categories:

Research Empirical, methodological, and theoretical studies
Therapy Clinical psychology, health psychology, psychiatric or behavioral medicine treatment
Teaching Studies focusing on or contributing themselves to teaching (e.g., textbooks)
History Studies focusing on the history of psychology or which are historical documents (older than publication year 1977 or reprints)

This field appears on the main search page under the command line and helps to filter search results.

This field does not appear in every record.

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DS Doctoral Supervisor [Phrase Indexed]
zimmermann b.ds.

 

The Doctoral Supervisor (DS) field features the name(s) of the faculty advisors of doctoral candidates. Initials are always used for first names.

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EA English Abstract [Word Indexed]
early.ea.

 

The English Abstract (EA) field contains the English abstract. Prior to 1994 all records featured a German abstract and approximately one-third of all citations featured an additional English abstract. From 1994 on German publications feature only a German abstract, while English publications feature only an English abstract. The name of the abstract source is provided.

96% of the records have German abstracts (71% German abstracts only; 29% both German and English abstracts). 26% of the records have English abstracts (8% English abstracts only; 92% both English and German abstracts). 3% of the records (all PSYNDEXalert records) no not have abstracts.

This field does not appear in every record.

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FC Form/Content Type [Phrase Indexed]
link collection.fc.

 

The Form/Content Type (FC) field indicates the specific kind of publication or audio visual media. Use the FC field or the corresponding Form/Content Type Code (DC) field to limit your search to records of a particular type of publication or audiovisual media such as "empirical study," "literature review," or "motion picture." Prior to 1998, this information was documented in the Key Phrase (KP).

There are a total of 48 Document Types (36 major categories and 12 subcategories). Approximately 60% of all records have been indexed with at least one and maximally six Form/Content Type(s)/Form/Content Type Codes. The FC field is only available in English.
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FD Free Descriptors [Phrase Indexed]
codetermination.fd.

 

The Free Descriptors (FD) field contains additional controlled vocabulary terms in English that are not covered in the Thesaurus. Free Descriptors often include theories and concepts that are unique to the psychological field in Germany.

Use search strategies similar to those used in the Subject Headings (SH) field.

This field does not appear in every record.
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FG German Free Descriptors [Phrase Indexed]
gymnasium.fg.

 

The German Free Descriptors (FG) field contains additional controlled vocabulary terms in English that are not covered in the Thesaurus. Free Descriptors often include theories and concepts that are unique to the psychological field in Germany.

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GA German Abstract [Word Indexed]
laboratorium.ga.

 

The German Abstract (GA) field contains the German abstract. Prior to 1994 all citations featured a German abstract and approximately one-third of all citations featured an additional English abstract. From 1994 on German publications feature only a German abstract, while English publications feature only an English abstract. The name of the abstract source is provided.

96% of the records have German abstracts (71% German abstracts only; 29% both German and English abstracts). 26% of the records have English abstracts (8% English abstracts only; 92% both English and German abstracts). 3% of the records (all PSYNDEXalert records) no not have abstracts.

This field does not appear in every record.

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HW Heading Word[Word Indexed]
labyrinthe.hw.

 

Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every Subject Heading that includes a particular word or words. This is done by searching the desired word(s) in the Heading Word (HW) field.

You can also view every Subject Heading which contains a particular word by using the Permuted Index tool.
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IB ISBN [Phrase Indexed]
3980949605.ib.

 

The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number, a 10-digit unique identifier for monograph publications.

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IN Institution [Word Indexed]
jeugdpsychiatrie.in.

 

The Institution (IN) field contains the institutional affiliation of the first author (at the time of publication) listed in the Author (AU) field.

This field does not appear in every record.
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IP Issue Part [Word Indexed]
"7".ip.

 

The Issue/Part (IP) field contains the issue or part for a particular volume of a journal. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

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IS ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
1740 5629.is.

 

The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number, an 8-digit code unique to each journal. It appears as a number separated by a hyphen. To search the index, include the hyphens, e.g. "000-4966". This field does not appear in every record.

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JN Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
medicographia.jn.

 

The Journal Name (JN) index contains the full name of the journal in which an article was published.

Journal names are indexed as phrases. To view journal titles in the index, enter as many of the words or letters in a journal name as are needed to distinguish it from other journals: "cognitive sci" for "Cognitive Science."

Stopwords such as "of" are included in the journal name index but when "The", "A", or "An," is the first word of a journal, it has been removed.

To search by a journal word, use the Journal Word index (JX).

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

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JU Journal URL [Word Indexed]
mitpress.ju.

 

The Journal URL (JU) field contains the URL address for the Journal home page.

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JX Journal [Word Indexed]
medienpsychologie.jx.

 

The Journal Word (JX) field contains individual words from every journal name.

Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included. This field is used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal which includes a particular word, such as "psychological."

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KP Key Phrase [Word Indexed]
machiavellianism.kp.

 

The Key Phrase (KP) field (available in English only) contains a brief description of the contents of a document. For empirical and experimental studies, it includes independent variable(s), dependent variable(s), abbreviations of all tests and measures used in a study, and number and type of subjects. Prior to 1998, information regarding the type of study (empirical, experimental, methodological, etc.) was also documented in this field. This information is now (and retrospectively in all older records) in the Form / Content Type (FC) field.

You can search the KP field for tests (using test abbreviations).

This field does not appear in PSYNDEXalert records.

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LG Language [Phrase Indexed]
english.lg.

 

The Language (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of a document.

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LO Population [Word Indexed]
austria.lo.

 

The Location (LO) field indicates the country in which the group that is the subject of the document is located.

This field does not appear in every record.
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MA E-Mail Address [Word Indexed]
hasselhorn.ma

 

The E-Mail Address (MA) field contains the e-mail address(es) of the author(s) listed in the Author (AU) field. When an author e-mail is available, it follows the author name.

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MT Media Type [Word Indexed]
microfiche.mt.

 

The Media Type (MT) field contains technical information on audiovisual media (only available in German).

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NE Number of Edition [Word Indexed]
"5".ne.

 

The Number of Edition (NE) field contains edition number information of a publication. This field display in the Source (SO) field.

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NR Number of References [Word Indexed]
"31".nr.

 

The Number of References (NR) field contains the number of publications cited in the bibliography.

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NT Notes [Word Indexed]
nature.nt.

 

The Notes (NT) field contains notes about a publication. This field display in the Source (SO) field.

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PA Parent Book Author [Phrase Indexed]
paar gerhard h.pa

 

The Parent Book Author (PA) field contains the names(s) of the Parent Book Authors of edited volumes, conference proceedings, or reports. Parent Book Author names appear last name first.

This field does not appear in every record.
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PD Date of Doctoral Theses [Word Indexed]
992002.pd.

 

The Date of Doctoral Theses (PD) field contains the date of promotion for a Doctoral Theses. This field display in the Source (SO) field.

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PG Pagination [Word Indexed]
"12".pg.

 

The Pagination (PG) field consists of the initial page of a document. This field display in the Source (SO) field.

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PL Publisher Location [Word Indexed]
zuerich.pl.

 

The Publisher Location (PL) field contains the city where the document was published. This field display in the Source (SO) field.

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PR Book Price [Word Indexed]
"78".pr.

 

The Book Price (PR) field contains price information for Edited Book publications. This field display in the Source (SO) field.

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PT Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
Edited Book.pt.

 

The Publication Type (PT) field contains the following publication types (only available in English) and their corresponding numeric codes:

01 Authored Book   35 Serial/Collection
04 Edited Book   36 Part of Serial/Collection
05 Chapter   40 Audiovisual Document
10 Journal Article   61 Dissertation
25 Report      

Publication Type is also available as a limit.

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PU Publisher Information [Word Indexed]
mabuse.pu.

 

The Publisher Information (PU) field contains the name of the publisher of a document. This field display in the Source (SO) field.

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SE Series Title [Word Indexed]
differentialdiagnostik.se.

 

The Series Title (SE) field contains the title of series of a publication. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

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SF Special Feature [Word Indexed]
arbeitsmaterial.sf.

 

The Special Feature (SF) field indicates any items accompanying the document, such as study guide, an assessment instrument, references, and more. Use this field to limit your search to only records of documents containing a specific feature, such as "assessment instrument."

This field does not appear in every record.

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SG German Subject Headings [Phrase Indexed]
lehrmethoden.sg.

 

The German Subject Heads (SG) field contains ZPID's German translation of the subject terms from the "Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms" (Copyr. Am. Psych. Assn., 9th ed., 2001, all rights reserved; translated and adapted by permission of the American Psychological Association)., a list of controlled vocabulary terms used to ensure consistent indexing of records.

The SG field features the German terms; the SH field features the English terms. Each record is indexed with at least one and maximally 17 descriptors. The most important descriptors appear with an asterisk (*).

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SH Subject Headings [Phrase Indexed]
labor management relations.sh.

 

The Subject Headings (SH) field contains subject terms from the "Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms" (Copyr. Am. Psych. Assn., 9th ed., 2001, all rights reserved; translated and adapted by permission of the American Psychological Association), a list of controlled vocabulary terms used to ensure consistent indexing of records. The SH field features the English terms; the SG field ZPID's German translation of the terms. Each record is indexed with at least one and maximally 17 descriptors. The most important descriptors appear with an asterisk (*).

Always use the Thesaurus to find the most exact descriptor. Subject Headings are entered into the index as phrases and should be searched exactly as they appear in the Thesaurus.”

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SO Source [Display Only]

 

The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the journal name or monograph publisher, the vol/issue, pagination and year of publication.

The fields which comprise the Source field are Parent Book Title (BT), Parent Book Author (PA),Issue/Part (IP), Journal Name (JN), Publisher Location (PL), Number of Edition (NE), Notes (NT), Pagination (PG), Date of Doctoral Theses (PD), Book Price (PR), Publisher Information (PU), Series Title (SE), University Name (UN), University Location (UO), Volume (VO), and Year of Publication (YR).

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TI Title [Word Indexed]
taboo.ti.

 

The Title (TI) field contains the complete name of the original document. All titles display in the original language (title appearing first in TI field); most documents are in German, with an English title translation supplied. English publications have a German title translation. If the document is neither in German nor English, English and German title translations are supplied in addition to the original titles.

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UA URL Author [Word Indexed]
voigt.ua.

 

The Author URL (UA) field contains the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) for the first author's website.

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UB URL Publisher [Word Indexed]
psychosozial.ub.

 

The Publisher URL (UB) field contains the URL address for the publisher’s home page.

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UN University Name [Word Indexed]
empirische.un.

 

The University Name (UN) field contains the name of the University where a document was published. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

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UO University Location [Word Indexed]
muenchen.uo.

 

The University Location (UO) field contains the geographical location of the university where a document was published. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

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UP Update Code [Phrase Indexed]
200501.up.

 

The Update Code (UP) field contains the date a record was entered into the PSYNDEXplus with TestFinder - Literature & Audiovisual Media Database, in YYYYMM form.

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UR URL [Word Indexed]
derivate.ur.

 

The URL (UR) field contains the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) where an online version of the document, a full-text version of the document, or additional information is available. You must copy the URL, for example, "http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs.htm" and paste it into your browser to link to the location.

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VO Volume [Word Indexed]
"98".vo.

 

The Volume (VO) field consists of the volume of a serial publication. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

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YR Year of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
"2005".yr.

 

The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the year in which a document was published. The year may be searched using four digits, e.g., "2004."

Only individual years may be searched. Use the Limit to Publication Year to restrict sets to a range of years.

The Year of Publication is displayed in its own field and also as part of the Source (SO) field.

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Advanced Searching

You can use special words and symbols to combine search terms and refine a search. For efficient searching, use the most appropriate operator from the list below to combine search terms. For more information on these and other searching techniques, including command line syntax searching, refer to the Ovid Gateway Help.

Operator Syntax Search Example Sample Results
OR x or y bipolar or psychosis "Treatment of bipolar mania"

 

 The OR operator retrieves records that contain any or all of the search terms. For example, the search heart attack or myocardial infarction retrieves results that contain the terms heart attack, myocardial infarction or both terms; results are all inclusive. You can use the OR operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field.
AND x and y depression and personality "borderline personality disorder and depression"

 

 The AND operator retrieves only those records that include all of the search terms. For example, the search blood pressure and stroke retrieves results that contain the term blood pressure and the term stroke together in the same record; results are exclusive of records that do not contain both of these terms. You can use the AND operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field.
NOT x not y depression not bipolar "treatment for major depression in elderly patients"

 

 The NOT operator retrieves records that contain the first search term and excludes the second search term. For example, the search health reform not health maintenance organizations retrieves only those records that contain the term health reform but excludes the term health maintenance organizations. In this way, you can use the NOT operator to restrict results to a specific topic.
You can use the NOT operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field.
Adjacency (ADJ) x y autism spectrum

"Autism spectrum disorders and low body weight"

 

 The Adjacent operator (ADJ) retrieves records with search terms next to each other.You do not need to separate search terms manually by inserting ADJ between them, because when you separate terms with a space on the command line, Ovid automatically searches for the terms adjacent to one another. For example, the search blood pressure is identical to the search blood adj pressure.
Defined Adjacency (ADJn) x ADJn y depression adj3 suicide

"Psychopathological predictors of suicide in patients with major depression "

 

 The defined adjacency operator (ADJn) retrieves records that contain search terms within a specified number (n) of words from each other in any order. To use the adjacency operator, separate your search terms with ADJ and a number from 1 to 99. For example, the search physician adj5 relationship retrieves records that contain the words physician and relationship within five words of each other in either direction. This particular search retrieves records containing such phrases as physician patient relationship, patient physician relationship, or relationship of the physician to the patient.
Frequency (FREQ) x.ab./FREQ=n depression.ea./freq=5

"Measuring depression outcome with a brief self-report instrument"

 

 The frequency operator (FREQ) lets you specify a threshold of occurrence of a term in the records retrieved from your search. Records containing your search term are retrieved only if the term occurs at least the specified (n) number of times. In general, records that contain many instances of your search term are more relevant than records that contain fewer instances. The frequency operator is particularly useful when searching a text field, such as Abstract or Full Text, for a common word or phrase.
Unlimited Truncation ($) x$ rat$

"The second to fourth digit ratio, sociosexuality, and offspring sex ratio"

 

 Unlimited truncation retrieves all possible suffix variations of the root word indicated. To apply unlimited truncation to a term, type the root word or phrase followed by either of the truncation characters: $ (dollar sign) or : (colon). For example, in the truncated search disease$, Ovid retrieves the word disease as well as the words diseases, diseased, and more.
Limited Truncation ($) x$n dog$1

"Dogs, man-wolves, and full moon"

 

 Limited truncation specifies a maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase. For example, the truncated search dog$1 retrieves results with the words dog and dogs; but it does not retrieve results with the word dogma.
Mandated Wildcard (#) xx#y wom#n

"Women in forensic psychiatric incarceration"

 

 Searching with a mandated wildcard retrieves all possible variations of a word in which the wildcard is present in the specified place. You can use it at the end of a term to limit results to only those that contain the word plus the mandated character. For example, the search dog# retrieves results that contain the word dogs, but not those that contain the word dog, effectively limiting results to only those that contain the plural form of the word. The mandated wild card character (#) is also useful for retrieving specialized plural forms of a word. For example, the search wom#n retrieves results that contain both woman and women. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word.
Optional Wildcard (?) xx?y colo?r

"Color assimilation as a grouping factor"

 

 The optional wild card character (?) can be used within or at the end of a search term to substitute for one or no characters. This wild card is useful for retrieving documents with British and American word variants since it specifies that you want retrieval whether or not the extra character is present. For example, the optional wild card search colo?r retrieves results that contain the words color or colour. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word.
Literal String ("") "x / y" "right / left"

"from left to right or right to left"
  "n" "3".so

"Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 15(3) 2005, 343-349."

 

Quotation marks can be used to retrieve records that contain literal strings, when the string includes special characters, such as a forward slash (/).

Quotation marks can also be used to retrieve records that contain numbers that may otherwise be confused for earlier searches. In the example, a search for 3.vo would limit the string from your third search in your search history to the volume field. By including the number in quotation marks, the search will retrieve documents with a 3 in the volume number.
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Stopwords

Words of little intrinsic meaning that occur too frequently to be useful in searching text are known as stopwords. You cannot search for the following stopwords by themselves, but you can include them within phrases by placing the entire phrase within quotation marks.
a by having neither seem those
about can how no seen through
after could however nor several thus
again did if not should to
all do in obtain show under
almost does into obtained showed up
also done is of shown upon
although during it often shows use
always each its on significant used
among either itself only significantly using
an enough just or since various
and especially kg other so very
another etc km our some was
any followed largely out such we
approximately following like overall suggest were
are for made per than what
as found mainly perhaps that when
at from make possible the whereas
be further may previously their which
because give might quite theirs while
been given min rather them with
before giving mm really then within
being had most regarding there would
between hardly mostly resulted these  
both has must resulting they  
but have nearly same this  
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Limits

The following limits are available from the Limit a Search Page. Access this page by clicking the More Limits icon on the Main Search Page.

Limit

 Syntax
Age Group Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to neonatal <birth to age 1 mo>
  A limit by Age Groups will restrict retrieval to any of the broad age groups or to specific childhood and adolescent years. If you choose this option, you will be presented with a list of ages from which to select. Possible age groups and corresponding age ranges are as follows:
  • Childhood (birth - 12 yrs)
  • Neonatal (birth - 1 mo)
  • Infancy (2 - 23 mo)
  • Preschool-Age (2 - 5 yrs)
  • School-Age (6 - 12 yrs)
  • Adolescence (13 - 17 yrs)
  • Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
  • Young-Adulthood (18 - 29 yrs)
  • Thirties (30 - 39 yrs)
  • Middle-Age (40 - 64 yrs)
  • Aged (65 yrs & older)
  • Very-Old (85 yrs & older)
Classification Codes Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to "2100 general psychology/allgemeines"
  A limit by Classification Codes will restrict retrieval to those records which contain the selected Classifications representing broad subject categories, such as "Learning and Motivation" or "Linguistics, Language and Speech." If you choose this option, you will be presented with a list of Classification terms from which to choose. The terms appear in English and German.
English Abstracts Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to English Abstracts
  A limit to English Abstracts will restrict retrieval to documents which include English Abstracts.
Form / Content Type Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to 1014 metaanalysis
 

A limit by Form/Content Type will restrict retrieval to those records which contain the selected Form/Content Types which indicates the specific kind of publication or audiovisual media.
German Abstracts Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to German Abstracts
  A limit to German Abstracts will restrict retrieval to documents which include German Abstracts.
German Language Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to German Language
  A limit to German Language restricts retrieval to documents which are written in the German language. Non-German language documents include German abstracts, but these will be eliminated by a limit to German.
History Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to History
  A limit to History will restrict retrieval to documents containing studies focusing on the history of psychology or which are historical documents (older than publication year 1977 or reprints)
Journal Article Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to Journal Article
  A limit to Journal Article will restrict retrieval to Journal Articles.
Languages Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to german
  A limit to Language will restrict retrieval by the language in which a document is written.
Latest Update Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to latest update
 

A limit to Latest Update will restrict retrieval to documents which were most recently added to the database.
Population Location Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to germany
  A limit to Population Location will restric retrieval to the country in which the group that is the subject of the document is located.
Publication Type Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to report
  A limit by Publication Type will restrict retrieval by any of the publication types indexed by the American Psychological Association (APA). If you choose this limit, you will be presented with an alphabetical list of publication types from which to select. Possible publication types are as follows:
  • Authored Book
  • Edited Book
  • Chapter
  • Journal Article
  • Report
  • Serial/Collection
  • Textbook
  • Part of Serial/Collection
  • Audiovisual Document
  • Dissertation
Publication Year Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to yr=2005
limit 1 to yr=2001-2002
  A limit by Publication Year will restrict retrieval by a single year or range of years of publication.

If you choose this option you will be prompted to enter the desired year; the format is 4 digits: "2003" or a range: "2003-2004".
Research Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to Research
 

A limit to Research will restrict retrieval to documents containing Empirical, methodological, and theoretical studies.
Teaching Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to Teaching
 

A limit to Teaching will restrict retrieval to documents containing studies focusing on or contributing themselves to teaching (e.g., textbooks).
Therapy Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to Therapy
 

A limit to Therapy will restrict retrieval to documents with a focus on clinical psychology, health psychology, psychiatric or behavioral medicine treatment.
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Tools

The following Search Tools are available for this database. For specific information on using these tools, refer to the Ovid Gateway Help.
  • Thesaurus
  • Permuted Index
  • Scope Note
  • Classification Codes
  • Explode
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Changing to this Database from Another Database

To change a search session to a segment of this database from another database or another segment, use the following syntax:

Command Syntax: ..c/psyn
Sentence Syntax: use psyn
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Sample Documents

<Sample 1>
Accession Number
  0154856
Publication Type
  Journal Article (10)
Title
  Parental major depression and the risk of depression and other mental 
  disorders in offspring. A prospective-longitudinal community study.
  Depressionserkrankung der Eltern und das Risiko einer Depression und 
  anderer psychischer Stoerungen bei den Kindern.
Author
  Lieb, Roselind. Isensee, Barbara. Hoefler, Michael. Pfister, Hildegard. 
  Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
Institution
  Max-Planck-Institut fuer Psychiatrie, Muenchen
Country
  Germany (D)
E-Mail Address
  Lieb, Roselind: lieb@mpipsykl.mpg.de
Source
  Archives of General Psychiatry. 2002, 365-374. 
Journal Name
  Archives of General Psychiatry
Year of Publication
  2002
Number of References
  59
Media Type
  Print
ISSN
  0003-990X
Language
  English
Abstract Language
  English
 Abstract
  Examines associations between DSM-IV depressive disorders, their natural 
  course, other psychopathology, and parental major depression in a community 
  sample of adolescents and young adults. Baseline and 4-year follow-up data 
  were used from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study, a 
  prospective longitudinal community study of adolescents and young adults. 
  Results are based on 2,427 subjects who completed the follow-up and for 
  whom diagnostic information for both parents was available. DSM-IV mental 
  disorders in respondents were assessed using the Munich-Composite 
  International Diagnostic Interview. Information on depression in parents 
  was collected as family history information from the respondents and from 
  diagnostic interviews with parents of the younger cohort. It was found that 
  offspring with 1 or 2 affected parents had an increased risk for depression. 
  They also had a higher risk for substance use and anxiety disorders. There 
  were no differences whether mother or father was affected. Parental 
  depression was associated with an earlier onset and a more malignant course 
  (severity, impairment, recurrence) of depressive disorders in offspring. 
  It is concluded that major depression in parents increases the overall risk 
  in offspring for onset of depressive and other mental disorders and 
  influences patterns of the natural course of depression in the early stages 
  of manifestation. (Journal/A.G. - ZPID)
English Abstract
  Examines associations between DSM-IV depressive disorders, their natural 
  course, other psychopathology, and parental major depression in a community 
  sample of adolescents and young adults. Baseline and 4-year follow-up data 
  were used from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study, a 
  prospective longitudinal community study of adolescents and young adults. 
  Results are based on 2,427 subjects who completed the follow-up and for 
  whom diagnostic information for both parents was available. DSM-IV mental 
  disorders in respondents were assessed using the Munich-Composite 
  International Diagnostic Interview. Information on depression in parents 
  was collected as family history information from the respondents and from 
  diagnostic interviews with parents of the younger cohort. It was found that 
  offspring with 1 or 2 affected parents had an increased risk for depression. 
  They also had a higher risk for substance use and anxiety disorders. There 
  were no differences whether mother or father was affected. Parental 
  depression was associated with an earlier onset and a more malignant course 
  (severity, impairment, recurrence) of depressive disorders in offspring. 
  It is concluded that major depression in parents increases the overall risk 
  in offspring for onset of depressive and other mental disorders and 
  influences patterns of the natural course of depression in the early stages 
  of manifestation. (Journal/A.G. - ZPID)
Key Phrase
  parental depression & risk for depression & other mental disorders in 
  offspring, onset & course of depression, substance abuse & anxiety 
  disorders, M-CIDI, 2,427 subjects with depressive parents
Subject Headings
  *Major Depression
  *At Risk Populations
  *Offspring
  Onset (Disorders)
  Disease Course
  Severity (Disorders)
  Parents
  Mental Disorders
German Subject Headings
  *Major Depression
  *Risikogruppen
  *Kinder (Nachkommenschaft)
  Krankheitsbeginn
  Krankheitsverlauf
  Krankheitsschweregrad
  Eltern
  Psychische Stoerungen
Classification Categories
  Affective Disorders [3211; 32]
German Classification Categories
  Affektive Stoerungen [3211; 32]
Domain
  PSYNDEX Research
Form/Content Type
  longitudinal empirical study
Form/Content Type Code
  1012; 10
Update Code
  200301

<Sample 2>
Accession Number
  0158379
Publication Type
  Journal Article (10)
Title
  The global-to-basic level shift in infants' categorical thinking: First 
  evidence from a longitudinal study
  Der Wechsel von der globalen zur elementaren Ebene im kategorialen Denken 
  von Kindern: Erste Ergebnisse aus einer Laengsschnittstudie
Author
  Pauen, Sabina
Institution
  Universitaet Magdeburg
Country
  Germany (D)
E-Mail Address
  Pauen, Sabina: sabina.pauen@psychologie.uni-heidelberg.de
Source
  International Journal of Behavioral Development. 26(6) 2002, 492-499. 
Journal Name
  International Journal of Behavioral Development
Year of Publication
  2002
Number of References
  34
Media Type
  Print
ISSN
  0165-0254
Language
  English
Abstract Language
  English
Abstract
  Investigates whether preverbal children form categories at different 
  levels of abstraction in any specific sequence. In a longitudinal study, 
  20 infants were each tested twice, at 8 and 12 months of age. Half of 
  the children solved a global-level task (animals-furniture), followed by a 
  basic-level task (either dogs-birds, or chairs-tables) during each 
  session. The other half received the basic-level task only. During 
  familiarization, all infants freely explored a series of 4 different 
  exemplars from the same category presented one at a time. Infants saw all 
  objects twice, for a total of 8 trials. During the test phase, a new 
  exemplar from the familiar category was presented, followed by a different-
  category exemplar. At 8 months of age, children discriminated between 
  categories in the global-level task, but failed to do so in the basic-
  level task. At 12 months of age, infants recognized a category change in 
  the basic-level task, but treated both test items as equally new in the 
  global-level task. These findings support the hypothesis that infants 
  younger than 1 year of age show a global-to-basic-level shift in category 
  formation. (Journal/A.G. - ZPID)
English Abstract
  Investigates whether preverbal children form categories at different 
  levels of abstraction in any specific sequence. In a longitudinal study, 
  20 infants were each tested twice, at 8 and 12 months of age. Half of 
  the children solved a global-level task (animals-furniture), followed by a 
  basic-level task (either dogs-birds, or chairs-tables) during each 
  session. The other half received the basic-level task only. During 
  familiarization, all infants freely explored a series of 4 different 
  exemplars from the same category presented one at a time. Infants saw all 
  objects twice, for a total of 8 trials. During the test phase, a new 
  exemplar from the familiar category was presented, followed by a different-
  category exemplar. At 8 months of age, children discriminated between 
  categories in the global-level task, but failed to do so in the basic-
  level task. At 12 months of age, infants recognized a category change in 
  the basic-level task, but treated both test items as equally new in the 
  global-level task. These findings support the hypothesis that infants 
  younger than 1 year of age show a global-to-basic-level shift in category 
  formation. (Journal/A.G. - ZPID)
Key Phrase
  global-to-basic level shift in infants' categorical thinking, 20 infants 
	at 8 & 12 month of age
Subject Headings
  *Infant Development
  *Classification (Cognitive Process)
  Concept Formation
  Cognitive Processes
  Thinking
German Subject Headings
  *Entwicklung im Saeuglings- und Kleinkindalter
  *Klassifikation (kognitiver Prozess)
  Begriffsbildung
  Kognitive Prozesse
  Denken
Classification Categories
  Cognitive & Perceptual Development [2820; 28]
German Classification Categories
  Kognitive Entwicklung und Wahrnehmungsentwicklung [2820; 28]
Domain
  PSYNDEX Research
Age Group
  Infancy
Form/Content Type
  longitudinal empirical study
Form/Content Type Code
  1012, 10
Update Code
  200305
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Producer Copyright Information

Copyright, PSYNDEXplus with TestFinder - Literature & Audiovisual Media, ZPID, 1977 to present. All rights reserved.

The Thesaurus Index Terms and Classification Categories are copyrighted by the American Psychological Association (2003). All rights reserved; contact psycinfo@apa.org for more information.
Field Guide last updated June 1, 2006.
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