Infection Control: A Practical Guide for Health Care Facilities

Infection Control: A Practical Guide for Health Care Facilities is the one source that provides you with everything you need to implement a proper infection-control program in a wide variety of health care settings - and stay up to speed with developments on both the legal and medical sides.

This highly practical resource delivers:

• A comprehensive - and valuable - overview of proper infection prevention, surveillance, and control activities in an easily retrievable format
• Practical tools for effectively and efficiently administering an infection control program
• Ready-to-use policies and procedures essential to the infection prevention and control function
• Numerous related resources such as disease fact sheets, position descriptions, job-specific competency statements, and performance programs

Infection Control: A Practical Guide for Health Care Facilities supplies the practical tools and proven guidance that enable you to immediately:

• Establish a new infection control program and properly manage an existing one
• Stay completely up to date with national standards and relevant policies
• Access proven solutions to common infection-control problems
• Follow practical advice on daily, area-specific infection-control concerns (operating room, dialysis, etc.) from experienced infection control practitioners
• Quickly and efficiently develop infection control job description and evaluation protocols

Infection Control: A Practical Guide for Health Care Facilities also includes a BONUS CD-ROM featuring many of the sample policies & procedures, forms, worksheets, checklists and other practical tools that are featured in the book.

Infection Control is authored by George Allen, PhD, CIC, CNOR, Director of Infection Control at Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY. Mr Allen was recently presented with the 2010 APIC NY Chapter Infection Control Champion Award.

• 1. INTRODUCTION
  • Background
  • Mandate for Infection Control
  • Prevention
  • Surveillance
  • Risk Factors
  • Regulation
  • The Role of the Infection Control Preventionist
  • Ensuring Patient Safety
  • Exhibit 1-1 Core Elements of the Infection Control Discipline
  • Exhibit 1-2 Preventing Infection Transmission
  • Exhibit 1-3 Hand Hygiene Efforts to Prevent the Spread of Infection
  • Exhibit 1-4 Impact of Hand Hygiene on MRSA and Nosocomial Infections
  • Exhibit 1-5 Chain of Infection
• 2. INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM INFRASTRUCTURE
  • Introduction
  • Structure
  • Scope
  • Responsibility for the Infection Control Function
  • Human Resources
  • Infection Control Committee
  • Authority of the Chairperson of the ICC
  • Infection Control Manual
  • Attention to Health Care–Associated Infections
  • Surveillance Methodology
  • Infection Control Risk Assessment
  • Annual Surveillance Plan
  • Annual Program Evaluation
  • Summary
  • Appendix 2-1 Position Descriptions, Job-Specific Competency Statements, and Performance Programs
  • Exhibit 2-1 Settings Where an Infection Control Program Can Be Found
  • Exhibit 2-2 Reporting Structure for Large Acute-Care Facility
  • Exhibit 2-3 Infection Control Team Activities
  • Exhibit 2-4 Reporting Structure for Ambulatory Surgery Facilities
  • Exhibit 2-5 Reporting Structure for Long-Term Care Facilities
  • Exhibit 2-6 Steps for the Manager Preparing to Conduct a Performance Appraisal
  • Exhibit 2-7 ICC Requirements by U.S. State
  • Exhibit 2-8 Basic Policies and Procedures to Include in an Infection Control Manual
  • Exhibit 2-9 Types of Health Care–Associated Infections
  • Exhibit 2-10 Referral Form for Unanticipated Death or Major Permanent Loss of Function
  • Exhibit 2-11 Sample Framework for a Root Cause Analysis
  • Exhibit 2-11.1 Integrating Sentinel Event Analysis into Infection Control Practice
  • Exhibit 2-12 Infection Control Hospitalwide Risk Assessment
  • Exhibit 2-13 Sample Completed Facilitywide Infection Control Risk Assessment
  • Exhibit 2-14 Infection Control Plan
  • Exhibit 2-15 Infection Control Program Review/Evaluation
  • Exhibit 2-16 Sample Position Description: Hospital Epidemiologist (Non-Teaching Professional)
  • Exhibit 2-17 Sample Position Description: Director, Infection Control Program (Non-Teaching Professional)
  • Exhibit 2-18 Sample Position Description: Staff Associate/Infection Control Practitioner (Non-Teaching Professional)
  • Exhibit 2-19 Sample Assessment of Organizational and Departmental/Job-Specific Competencies
  • Exhibit 2-20 Performance Program, Director Infection Control (Non-Teaching Professional)
  • Exhibit 2-21 Performance Program, Infection Control Practitioner (Non-Teaching Professional)
  • Exhibit 2-22 Performance Evaluation for Non-Teaching Professional Employees
• 3. SURVEILLANCE AND PREVENTION
  • General Principles of Epidemiology
  • Surveillance Strategies
  • Colonization versus Infection
  • Prevention
  • Conclusion
  • Appendix 3-1 CDC-Defined Health Care–Associated Infections
  • Exhibit 3-1 Post-Discharge Surveillance Report
  • Exhibit 3-2 Infection Control Post-Discharge Surveillance Form
  • Exhibit 3-3 Infection Control Surveillance Worksheet
  • Exhibit 3-4 Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Non-Hospital Health Care Settings
  • Exhibit 3-5 Epidemic Curve of Outbreak of Gastroenteritis by Day of Onset
  • Exhibit 3-6 Epidemic Curve of Varicella Outbreak
  • Exhibit 3-6.1 Operating Room MDRO Practice Competence
  • Exhibit 3-6.2 MRSA Survey Assessment Tool for OR Care Setting
  • Exhibit 3-6.3 Guidelines for Managing MDROs Throughout the Perioperative Services Care Continuum
  • Exhibit 3-6.4 Isolation Clearance Requirements
  • Exhibit 3-7 CDC-Recommended Hand Hygiene Technique
  • Exhibit 3-8 Body Fluids
  • Exhibit 3-9 Hand Hygiene Guidelines Fact Sheet
  • Exhibit 3-10 Hand Hygiene Monitoring Form Template
  • Exhibit 3-11 Hand Hygiene Monitoring Tool
  • Exhibit 3-12 Hand Hygiene Compliance Memo to Nursing Unit
  • Exhibit 3-13 Insufficient Hand Hygiene Notice to Staff Member
• 4. PATIENT CARE
  • Patient Placement Guidelines
  • Urinary Catheterization
  • Intravascular Devices
  • Respiratory Support
  • Skin Antisepsis
  • Surgical Antisepsis
  • Multi-Dose Parental Medication Vials
  • Exhibit 4-0.1 Patient Safety Flyer
  • Exhibit 4-0.2 MRSA Clearance Worksheet
  • Exhibit 4-0.3 VRE Clearance Worksheet
  • Exhibit 4-1 Physical Barriers Required for Suspected Diseases/Conditions
  • Exhibit 4-2 Summary of Major Recommendations for Preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections
  • Exhibit 4-3 Catheterization of the Urinary Bladder, Bladder Irrigation, Discontinuation, and Connection of a Leg Bag
  • Exhibit 4-4 Catheters Used for Venous and Arterial Access
  • Exhibit 4-5 IV Prevalence Survey
  • Exhibit 4-6 Summary of Recommendations for Preventing Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections
  • Exhibit 4-7 Antimicrobial Activity of Antiseptics
  • Exhibit 4-8 Major Recommendations for Preventing SSI
  • Exhibit 4-9 Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity of Antiseptic Agents
  • Exhibit 4-10 Major Recommendations on the Use of Multi-Dose Vials
• 5. PERSONNEL AND EMPLOYEE HEALTH
  • Health and Safety for Personnel and Employees
  • New Employee Health Clearance
  • Annual Health Assessment
  • Work Restrictions/Furlough
  • Occupational Exposure Follow-Up
  • Personal Protective Equipment
  • Hand and Fingernail Hygiene
  • Conclusion
  • Exhibit 5-1 Sample Influenza Vaccine Consent/Declination Forms
  • Exhibit 5-2 Weekly Schedule for Staff Annual Health Assessment
  • Exhibit 5-3 Medical Clearance Questionnaire: Personal Respiratory Protection Program for Tuberculosis
  • Exhibit 5-4 Illnesses and Their Associated Restrictions for Health Care Workers
  • Exhibit 5-5 BCG Vaccine Fact Sheet
  • Exhibit 5-6 Occupational Exposure Implications for Pregnant Employees
  • Exhibit 5-7 Employee Communicable Disease Report
  • Exhibit 5-8 Health Care Respirator Training Program
  • Exhibit 5-9 TB Training Questionnaire
  • Exhibit5-10 Fit Test Log
  • Exhibit 5-11 Types of Personal Protective Equipment, Donning Sequence, and Uses
  • Exhibit 5-12 What Type of Personal Protective Equipment Would You Wear?
  • Exhibit 5-13 Safe Donning and Removal of Personal Protective Equipment
  • Exhibit5-14 Glove Use Tips
  • Exhibit 5-15 Criteria for Selecting a Hand Hygiene Agent
  • Exhibit 5-16 Alcohol-Based Handrubs and Religious Prohibitions on Alcohol Use
  • Exhibit 5-17 Artificial Nails: A Fact Sheet for Employees
• 6. PRACTICE SETTINGS
  • Introduction
  • Admitting Department in Acute Care Facility
  • Anesthesia Department in Acute Care Facility
  • Operating Room
  • Home Care
  • Long-Term Care
  • Exhibit 6-1 Admitting Department Core Infection Prevention and Control Checklist
  • Exhibit 6-2 Sample Contagion Clearance Instructions and Form for Pediatric Units in Acute Care Settings
  • Exhibit 6-3 Anesthesia Department Core Infection Prevention and Control Checklist
  • Exhibit 6-4 Risk Assessment for Decontamination of Anesthesia Equipment
  • Exhibit 6-5 Reprocessing of Specialized Anesthesia Equipment
  • Exhibit 6-6 Housekeeping Services: Operating Room Postprocedure Checklist
  • Exhibit 6-7 Housekeeping Services: Operating Room Terminal Cleaning Checklist
  • Exhibit 6-8 Freestanding and Facility-Based Medicare-Certified Home Care Agencies, by Auspice, 1967–2006
  • Exhibit 6-9 Home Care Core Infection Prevention and Control Checklist
  • Exhibit 6-10 Final APIC-HICPAC Infection Definitions for Home Care
  • Exhibit 6-11 Risk Assessment for the Use of PPE in the Home Care Setting
  • Exhibit 6-12 Resident Infection Worksheet
  • Exhibit 6-13 Resident Infection Line Listing
  • Exhibit 6-14 Definitions of Infection for Surveillance in Long-Term Care Facilities
  • Exhibit 6-15 Scabies Fact Sheet
  • Exhibit 6-16 Survey Form for Resident Rash Condition
  • Exhibit 6-17 Survey Form for Employee Rash Condition
• 7. VISITATION GUIDELINES
  • Introduction
  • Animal Visitation
  • Plants, Flowers, and Externally Prepared Food
  • Exhibit 7-1 Infection Control Department Communicable Disease Log
  • Exhibit 7-2 Recommendations on Infection Control Measures for Animal Encounters
  • Exhibit 7-3 Recommendations on Animal-Assisted Activities and Resident Animal Programs
  • Exhibit 7-4 Recommendations on Protective Measures for Immunocompromised Patients
  • Exhibit 7-5 Recommendations on Service Animals
  • Exhibit 7-6 Recommendations on Flowers and Plants
• 8. ENVIRONMENT
  • Background
  • Policies and Procedures on Environmental Sanitation
  • Environmental Sanitation
  • Personnel Safety
  • Patient Safety
  • Avoiding Recontamination
  • Pest Control
  • Exhibit 8-1 Summary of HAI Pathogens and Environmental Contamination
  • Exhibit 8-2 Levels of Disinfection by Type of Microorganisms
  • Exhibit 8-3 Infection Control Rounding Log
  • Exhibit 8-3.1 Potential Role of Environmental Reservoirs in the Transmission of MDROs
  • Exhibit 8-4 Recommendations for Cleaning Spills of Blood and Body Substances
  • Exhibit 8-5 Environmental Sanitation Competency
  • Exhibit 8-6 Recommendations on Pest Control
• 9. OVERVIEW OF FACILITIES MANAGEMENT
  • Background
  • Ventilation, Temperature, and Humidity
  • Water
  • Ice Machines
  • Construction and Renovation
  • Summary
  • Appendix 9-1 Planning and Design of the Surgical Suite
  • Exhibit 9-1 Periodic IAQ Maintenance Inspection Checklist
  • Exhibit 9-2 Operating Room Ventilation
  • Exhibit 9-3 Air Quality Monitoring Log
  • Exhibit 9-4 Air Quality Study Worksheet
  • Exhibit 9-5 Communicable Disease Exposure Investigation Form for Employee
  • Exhibit 9-6 Isolation Room Smoke Stick Test Log
  • Exhibit 9-7 Organisms Identified in Hospital Water Associated with Health Care–Associated Infections
  • Exhibit 9-8 Recommendations on Controlling the Spread of Waterborne Microorganisms
  • Exhibit 9-9 Recommendations for Routine Prevention of Waterborne Microbial Contamination within the Water Distribution System
  • Exhibit 9-10 Efficacy of Water Distribution System Disinfection Methods Against Legionella Species
  • Exhibit 9-11 Recommendations on the Handling of Ice and Ice Machines
  • Exhibit 9-12 Infection Control Risk Assessment
  • Exhibit 9-13 Infection Control Construction Permit
  • Exhibit 9-14 Infection Control Construction Guide and Rounds Checklist
  • Exhibit 9-15 Planning and Design Process
  • Exhibit 9-16 Operating Room Illustration
  • Exhibit 9-17 Sample Operating Room Pairs for Discussion at the Schematic Design Phase
  • Exhibit 9-18 Schematic Design Concept Layouts for the Operating Room Block
  • Exhibit 9-19 Operating Room Floor Plan at the Design Development Phase
  • Exhibit 9-20 Sample Room Definition Sheets
  • Exhibit 9-21 Operating Room Floor Plan at the Construction Documents Phase
  • Exhibit 9-22 Sample Calculation for Required Number of Operating Rooms
  • Exhibit 9-23 An Integrated Operating Room
  • Exhibit 9-24 Online Resources
• 9A. FACILITY DESIGN INNOVATIONS TO PREVENT HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
  • Introduction
  • Who Collaborates to Create Innovation?
  • Making Building Design Responsive to Infection Control Practices
  • Infection Prevention and Industry Partners
  • In the Near Future
  • Conclusion
  • Exhibit 9A-1 Environmental Services as Design Collaborators
  • Exhibit 9A-2 Important Resources
• 10. INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND EMERGING PATHOGENS
  • Introduction
  • Standard Precautions
  • Contact Precautions
  • Droplet Precautions
  • Airborne Precautions
  • Combinations of Precautions
  • Special Circumstances
  • Communication
  • Conclusion
  • Appendix 10-1 Type and Duration of Precautions Recommended by the CDC for Selected Infections and Conditions
  • Appendix 10-2 Fact Sheets for Selected Diseases, Pathogens, and Infestations
  • Exhibit 10-1 Summary of Isolation Precautions and Uses
  • Exhibit 10-2 Air Changes per Hour
  • Exhibit 10-3 Risk Factors, Signs, and Symptoms of Active Tuberculosis
  • Exhibit 10-4 Influenza: People, Pigs, and Public Health
  • Exhibit 10-5 Sample Poster on Flu Transmission Prevention
• 11. ACCREDITATION AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
  • Introduction
  • Responsible Agencies
  • Accrediting Organizations
  • Regulatory Organizations
  • Advisory Groups
  • Conclusion
  • Exhibit 11-1 Major Agencies That Accredit Health Care Organizations
  • Exhibit 11-2 U.S. Government Agencies That Regulate Health Care Organizations
  • Exhibit 11-3 MRSA Surveillance Log
  • Exhibit 11-4 Hazard Scoring Worksheet
  • Exhibit 11-5 Infection Control Risk Analysis Grid
  • Exhibit 11-6 Sample Scenario Involving ICP Contact with the Joint Commission
  • Exhibit 11-7 Sample Occurrence Reporting Form
  • Exhibit 11-8 Sample Adverse Event Reporting Log
  • Exhibit 11-9 Sample Scenario Involving ICP Contact with CAP
  • Exhibit 11-10 COLA Accreditation Notice
  • Exhibit 11-11 Sample Scenario Involving ICP Contact with COLA
  • Exhibit 11-12 Sample Scenario Involving ICP Contact with NCQA
  • Exhibit 11-13 Sample FDA Recall Notice
  • Exhibit 11-14 Product Alert/Recall Notice Response Sheet
  • Exhibit 11-15 Sample Summary of Device Alerts, Recalls, and Hazard Notices
  • Exhibit 11-16 Sample Scenario Involving ICP Contact with FDA
  • Exhibit 11-17 Sample Inventory of Antiseptics and Disinfectants
  • Exhibit 11-18 Sample Scenario Involving ICP Contact with EPA
  • Exhibit 11-19 Sample Blood and Body Fluid Exposure Injury Report
  • Exhibit 11-20 Quality Performance Improvement Evaluation Process
  • Exhibit 11-21 Infection Control Quality Improvement Report
  • Exhibit 11-22 Sample Scenario Involving ICP Contact with CMS
  • Exhibit 11-23 Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure/Sharps Injury Log
  • Exhibit 11-24 OSHA's Form 300
  • Exhibit 11-25 OSHA's Form 300A
  • Exhibit 11-26 OSHA's Form 301
  • Exhibit 11-27 Sample Employee Occupational Body Fluid Exposure Summary Report
  • Exhibit 11-28 Sample Scenario Involving ICP Contact with OSHA
  • Exhibit 11-29 List of Physician-Reportable Diseases
  • Exhibit 11-30 Sample Scenario Involving ICP Contact with Local Health Department
  • Exhibit 11-31 Components of a Protective Environment
  • Exhibit 11-32 Infection Control Considerations for High-Priority Diseases Resulting from Bioterrorist Attacks or Bioterrorist Threats
  • Exhibit 11-33 Clinical Syndromes or Conditions Warranting Empiric Transmission-Based Precautions
  • Exhibit 11-34 Recommendations for the Application of Standard Precautions for the Care of All Patients in All Health Care Settings
  • Exhibit 11-35 Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Case Report
  • Exhibit 11-36 Sample Scenario Involving ICP Contact with CDC
• 12. PUBLIC REPORTING
  • Introduction
  • Evolution of Public Reporting
  • State Reporting of Health Care–Acquired Infection Data
  • U.S. Federal Legislation
  • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
  • MRSA Legislation
  • Who Will Use the Data?
  • Exhibit 12-1 Health Care–Associated Reporting Laws and Regulations
  • Exhibit 12-2 Example of HAI Data Reported to the Public,Missouri
  • Exhibit 12-3 MRSA Laws and Pending Legislation—2009
• Appendix A: POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
  • Introduction
  • Exhibit A2-1 Infection Control Committee
  • Exhibit A2-2 Infection Control Committee Chairperson—Statement of Authority
  • Exhibit A2-3 Infection Control Manual
  • Exhibit A2-4 Sentinel Event
  • Exhibit A2-5 Surveillance Plan
  • Exhibit A3-1 Surveillance Strategies
  • Exhibit A3-2 Investigation of Suspected Health Care–Associated/Nosocomial Infections (HAIs), Outbreaks, and Exposures
  • Exhibit A3-3 Sterilization
  • Exhibit A3-4 Cidex_ Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA): High-Level Disinfection
  • Exhibit A3-5 Prevention of Intravenous Therapy–Related Infection
  • Exhibit A3-6 Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections
  • Exhibit A3-7 Infection Control Concern Relating to Antiseptics and Hand Hygiene
  • Exhibit A4-1 Patient Placement
  • Exhibit A4-2 Urinary Catheters
  • Exhibit A4-3 Respiratory Equipment
  • Exhibit A4-4 Closed-System Suctioning (Adults)
  • Exhibit A4-5 Skin Preparation
  • Exhibit A4-6 Implantation of Medical Devices
  • Exhibit A4-7 Event-Related Sterilization
  • Exhibit A4-8 Multi-Dose Medication Vials
  • Exhibit A5-1 Student/Employee Health Service
  • Exhibit A7-1 Visitation
  • Exhibit A7-2 Pet Therapy and Service Animals
  • Exhibit A7-3 Therapeutic Pet Visitation
  • Exhibit A8-1 Infection Control Guidelines for Environmental Services (Housekeeping)
  • Exhibit A9-1 Infection Control Guidelines for Facilities Management
  • Exhibit A9A-1 Emergency Eye Wash Stations
  • Exhibit A9A-2 Emergency Showers
  • Exhibit A10-1 Management of Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease (CJD) or Variant CJD Patient, Infected Tissue, and Materials Used on Patient
  • Exhibit A11-1 Infection Control Plan for Bioterrorism Readiness
  • Exhibit A11-2 Categories of Isolation/Precautions
  • Exhibit A11-3 Incident/Occurrence Reporting
  • Exhibit A11-4 Joint Commission Patient Safety Goal—Sentinel Event Process
  • Exhibit A11-5 Graft Materials and Tissue Donation
  • Exhibit A11-6 Soaps, Antiseptics, Disinfection, and Sterilization
  • Exhibit A11-7 Disposal of Potentially Infectious Waste
  • Exhibit A11-8 Pandemic/Avian Influenza
  • Exhibit A11-9 Management of Patients Exposed to a Highly Infectious Agent
  • Exhibit A11-10 Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan
  • Exhibit A11-11 Tuberculosis
• Additional Resources
• Index