A Randomized Trial of Behavioral Nudges Delivered Through Text Messages to Increase Influenza Vaccination Among Patients With an Upcoming Primary Care Visit

¹2974Department of Clinical Transformation and Behavioral Insights, Ascension, St. Louis, MO, USA

²6569Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

³6569Behavior Change for Good Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

⁴3270Department of Marketing, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Chicago, IL, USA

⁵5798School of Professional Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

⁶1812Department of Management, Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

⁷Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

⁸Department of Behavioral Decision Making, Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

⁹6612Department of Family and Community Health, The University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA

¹⁰2780Behavioral and Decision Sciences Program, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA

¹¹7938Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

¹²6756Department of Finance, Yale School of Management, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

¹³8783Department of Management and Organization, Anderson School of Management, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

¹⁴2780Behavioral Insights Team, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA

¹⁵Department of Behavioural Science and Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

¹⁶Department of Marketing, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

¹⁷Department of Finance, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

¹⁸Department of Marketing, The Wharton School, 6569University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

¹⁹Department of Finance, Marriott School of Business, 33865Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA

²⁰Department of Marketing, Eller College of Management, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

²¹Center for Digital Health, Perelman School of Medicine, 6569University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

²²Center for Health Care Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

²³Business Administration Division, University of Hawai`i-West O`ahu, Kapolei, HI, USA

²⁴Penn Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Departments of Medical Ethics and Health Policy and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA