The Impact of Sperm and Egg Donation on the Risk of Pregnancy Complications

  • Bartal, Michal Fishel MD
  • Sibai, Baha M. MD
  • Bart, Yossi MD
  • Shina, Avi MD
  • Mazaki-Tovi, Shali MD
  • Eisen, Irit Schushan MD
  • Hendler, Israel MD
  • Baum, Micha MD
  • Schiff, Eyal MD

  • 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Tel-Aviv, Israel

    2 Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas

    3 Department of Neonatology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Tel-Aviv, Israel

Address for correspondence Michal Fishel Bartal, MD, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 3.264, Houston, TX 77030, [email protected]

published online 21 July 2018

received 07 May 2018

accepted after revision 07 June 2018

*Micha Baum and Eyal Schiff are co-senior authors of the study.

American Journal of Perinatology 36(2):p 205-211, January 1, 2019. | DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667029

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate obstetric outcomes in relation to the extent of donor sperm exposure with and without egg donation.

Materials and Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary care center. All women with a singleton pregnancy who conceived following sperm donation (SD) were included. Obstetrics and neonatal outcomes for pregnancies following single SD were compared with pregnancies following repeat SD from the same donor. In a secondary analysis, we compared pregnancy outcomes among three modes of assisted reproductive technology (intrauterine insemination [IUI-SD], in vitro fertilization [IVF-SD], and IVF sperm + egg donation [IVF-SD + ED]).

Results

A total of 706 pregnant women met the inclusion criteria, 243 (34.4%) following the first SD and 463 (65.6%) following repeat donations. Compared with repeat SDs, single donation was not associated with higher rates of preterm delivery (12.8 vs. 12.7%, respectively, p = 0.99), preeclampsia (7.0 vs. 6.9%, p = 0.999), and intrauterine growth restriction (4.1 vs. 3.9%, p = 0.88). Pregnancies following IVF-SD + ED had increased risk for preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-6.6), preterm labor (AOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.4), and cesarean section (AOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.3) compared with IUI-SD and IVF-SD.

Conclusion

The extent of donor sperm exposure did not correlate with obstetrics complications, but double gamete donation was associated with increased risk for preeclampsia, preterm labor, and cesarean section.

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