Anatomical considerations for transanal minimal-invasive surgery - the caudal to cephalic approach

¹Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria,²Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division for Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria,³Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium,⁴National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK