Genetic Studies of Leptin Concentrations Implicate Leptin in the Regulation of Early Adiposity

¹Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K.

²Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden

³Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, U.K.

⁴Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY

⁵Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC

⁶Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA

⁷Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.

⁸Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus

⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

¹⁰DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

¹¹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

¹²Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

¹³Quantinuum Research LLC, San Diego, CA

¹⁴The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY

¹⁵Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

¹⁶Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA

¹⁷Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA

¹⁸Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

¹⁹Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland

²⁰MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.

²¹Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, and Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN

²²Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

²³Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA

²⁴German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany

²⁵Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg, Germany

²⁶Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland

²⁷Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

²⁸Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD

²⁹Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO

³⁰Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA

³¹The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA

³²Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland

³³Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

³⁴Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

³⁵Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

³⁶Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, U.K.

³⁷Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.

³⁸Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

³⁹DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

⁴⁰Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

⁴¹Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

⁴²Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands

⁴³Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands

⁴⁴Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC

⁴⁵Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA

⁴⁶Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI

⁴⁷Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

⁴⁸Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., Cebu City, Philippines

⁴⁹Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines

⁵⁰Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY

⁵¹Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD

⁵²Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC

⁵³Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

⁵⁴Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

⁵⁵Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

⁵⁶Center for Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger, Danville, PA

⁵⁷Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

⁵⁸Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

⁵⁹Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

⁶⁰Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

⁶¹Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA

⁶²Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

⁶³Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, West Australia, Australia

⁶⁴NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, U.K.

⁶⁵Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

⁶⁶Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.

⁶⁷Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.

⁶⁸Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

⁶⁹Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

⁷⁰Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA

⁷¹Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

⁷²Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

⁷³Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

⁷⁴Center for Clinical Research and Disease Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

⁷⁵Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

⁷⁶Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Insitute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, München, Germany

⁷⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

⁷⁸Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.

⁷⁹Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

⁸⁰Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA

⁸¹Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

⁸²Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

⁸³Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

⁸⁴Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC

⁸⁵Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS

⁸⁶Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

⁸⁷Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

⁸⁸Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

⁸⁹Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

⁹⁰Program in Population and Medical Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA

⁹¹Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

⁹²Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands

⁹³Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

⁹⁴Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

⁹⁵Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

⁹⁶Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

⁹⁷Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.

⁹⁸The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY

⁹⁹Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY