Development and Validation of a Measure of Display Rule Knowledge

The Display Rule Assessment Inventory

Matsumoto, David
Yoo, Seung Hee
Hirayama, Satoko
Petrova, Galina

¹Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, Vologda, Russia
²Department of Psychology, Vologda State Pedagogical University, Vologda, Russia.

³Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to David Matsumoto, Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132. E-mail: [email protected].

We thank Guillermo Campos and Lupita Rodriguez for their assistance in the general laboratory program. We also thank Susumu Yamaguchi, Akihiro Domae, and Kyoko Murata for their assistance in the collection of the Japanese data in Study 1 and Jeffery A. LeRoux for his help in the interpretation of the results of Study 2.

Received Date: October 23, 2003; Revised Date: May 20, 2004; Accepted Date: May 25, 2004

Emotion 5(1):p 23-40, March 2005.

As one component of emotion regulation, display rules, which reflect the regulation of expressive behavior, have been the topic of many studies. Despite their theoretical and empirical importance, however, to date there is no measure of display rules that assesses a full range of behavioral responses that are theoretically possible when emotion is elicited. This article reports the development of a new measure of display rules that surveys 5 expressive modes: expression, deamplification, amplification, qualification, and masking. Two studies provide evidence for its internal and temporal reliability and for its content, convergent, discriminant, external, and concurrent predictive validity. Additionally, Study 1, involving American, Russian, and Japanese participants, demonstrated predictable cultural differences on each of the expressive modes.