In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a modified porcine acellular dermal matrix for soft tissue augmentation

Zhang, Bing
Ma, Li
Tang, Lian sheng
Song, Da wei
Guo, Jing
Zhang, Fan
Xu, Xin

¹Department of Health Care (Department of General Dentistry II), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,12589 Jinan, China
²Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, China
³School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
⁴Endodontics, Taian Stomatology Hospital, Tai'an, China
⁵Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases12589, Jinan, China
⁶Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases12589, Jinan, China

Xin Xu, Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China. Email: [email protected]; Fan Zhang, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China. Email: [email protected]

# Xin Xu and Fan Zhang have contributed equally to the paper as corresponding authors.

Journal of Biomaterials Applications 37(8):p 1497-1506, March 2023. | DOI: 10.1177/08853282221140667

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of a modified porcine acellular dermal matrix (P-ADM), subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and other commercial bovine acellular dermal matrix membrane materials (B-ADM) on gingival soft tissue augmentation in the oral esthetic zone.

Material and Methods

The characteristics of P-ADM were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome staining (Masson staining). The biocompatibility of P-ADM was verified by CCK8, phalloidin and living/dead cell staining. Beagle dog models were constructed and the thickness of gingiva was analyzed by the intraoral scanner. The morphology was observed by H&E and Masson staining.

Results

Scanning electron microscopy, H&E and Masson staining showed that the P-ADM was mainly composed of collagen fibers, with no component of nuclear. The results of CCK8, phalloidin and living/dead cell staining indicated that the P-ADM had good cytocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. Human gingival fibroblasts were able to adhere and stretch on the surface of the material with pseudopodia. The SCTG group outperformed the B-ADM and P-ADM groups in terms of effectiveness, according to the analysis of digital oral scanning data at various time points following incremental soft tissue surgery. Compared with the B-ADM group, the effect of soft tissue increment was better in the P-ADM group.

Conclusions

P-ADM, as a biocompatible biomaterial, can be used as an alternative biomaterial for oral soft tissue thickening. However, the results of this study need to be verified by more clinical trials.