Global changes in diffusion tensor imaging during acute ischemic stroke and post-stroke cognitive performance

Kern, Kyle C
Wright, Clinton B
Leigh, Richard

¹National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
²Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Richard Leigh, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 4, Suite 446, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Email: [email protected]

Received October 28, 2021

Received in revised form March 28, 2022

Accepted April 18, 2022

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 42(10):p 1854-1866, October 2022. | DOI: 10.1177/0271678X221101644

Post-stroke cognitive impairment is related to the effects of the acute stroke and pre-stroke brain health. We tested whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect acute, global effects of stroke and predict post-stroke cognitive performance. Patients with stroke or TIA enrolled in a prospective cohort study were included if they had 1) at least one DTI acquisition at acute presentation, 24 hours, 5 days, or 30 days, and 2) follow-up testing with the telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) at 30 and/or 90 days. A whole brain, white-matter skeleton excluding the infarct was used to derive mean global DTI measures for mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), free water (FW), FW-corrected MD (MD_tissue), and FW-corrected FA (FA_tissue). In 74 patients with ischemic stroke or TIA, there was a transient 4.2% increase in mean global FW between acute presentation and 24 hours (p = 0.024) that returned to initial values by 30 days (p = 0.03). Each acute global DTI measure was associated with 30-day T-MoCA score (n = 61, p = 0.0011–0.0076). Acute global FW, MD, FA and FA_tissue were also associated with 90-day T-MoCA (n = 56, p = 0.0034–0.049). Transient global FW elevation likely reflects stroke-related interstitial edema, whereas other global DTI measures are more representative of pre-stroke brain health.