The Diabetes Technology Society Error Grid and Trend Accuracy Matrix for Glucose Monitors

¹Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA

²Institut für Diabetes-Technologie, Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany

³School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

⁴Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

⁵Sutter Health Center for Health Systems Research, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

⁶Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

⁷College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

⁸Divisions of Endocrinology and Medical Critical Care, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

⁹Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

¹⁰Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic

¹¹First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

¹²Krouwer Consulting, Sherborn, MA, USA

¹³Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles General Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

¹⁴Division of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK

¹⁵Center for Digital Health and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

¹⁶Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

¹⁷Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA

¹⁸Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA

¹⁹University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA

²⁰Department of Biomedical Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

²¹Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK

²²Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA

²³QuesGen, Burlingame, CA, USA

²⁴Diabetes Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

²⁵Mary & Dick Allen Diabetes Center, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, CA, USA

²⁶Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA

²⁷Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

²⁸Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

²⁹Headlands AMCR Institute, Escondido, CA, USA

³⁰North Kansas City Hospital, North Kansas City, MO, USA

³¹Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

³²American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA, USA

³³Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

³⁴Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

³⁵University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, UH Diabetes and Metabolic Care Center, Cleveland, OH, USA

³⁶School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

³⁷University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

³⁸Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

³⁹National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

⁴⁰University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

⁴¹Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA

⁴²Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

⁴³Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK

⁴⁴Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

⁴⁵Devision of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

⁴⁶Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark and Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

⁴⁷Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

⁴⁸Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

⁴⁹Kinexum, Harpers Ferry, WV, USA

⁵⁰Diabetes Center, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil

⁵¹Division of Endocrinology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

⁵²Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia

⁵³Science Consulting in Diabetes GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany

⁵⁴Research Institute Diabetes Academy Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany & University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany

⁵⁵Division of Endocrinology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA

⁵⁶Department of Diabetes, King’s College London, London, UK

⁵⁷Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

⁵⁸Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA

⁵⁹Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

⁶⁰Joshi Clinic, Mumbai, India

⁶¹Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

⁶²Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

⁶³Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁶⁴Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

⁶⁵Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

⁶⁶Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

⁶⁷Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

⁶⁸Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

⁶⁹Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA

⁷⁰Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁷¹Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

⁷²Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

⁷³School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

⁷⁴Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

⁷⁵Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany

⁷⁶University for Digital Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, Wiltz, Luxembourg

⁷⁷Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

⁷⁸ADLM DEI Steering Committee, ADLM—Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (formerly AACC), Washington, D.C., USA

⁷⁹VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

⁸⁰Cedars-Sinai Health Systems, Los Angeles, CA, USA

⁸¹National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

⁸²Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark

⁸³Diabetes Center Berne, Berne, Switzerland

⁸⁴Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

⁸⁵International Diabetes Center, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA

⁸⁶Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

⁸⁷Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

⁸⁸VA Maryland Health Care System, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA

⁸⁹Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

⁹⁰Berkeley Institute for Data Science, College of Computing, Data Science, and Society, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

⁹¹The Center of Intelligent Imaging (Ci²), UCSF Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, San Francisco, CA, USA

⁹²UC Berkeley/UCSF Computational Precision Health (CPH) Program, Berkeley, CA, USA

⁹³Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

⁹⁴Department of Lab Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

⁹⁵Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Child Health, College of Health Science, Addis Abeba University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

⁹⁶Division of Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

⁹⁷Suburban Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA

⁹⁸Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA