Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium (N = 53 949)

¹Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; ²Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; ³School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ⁴Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; ⁵Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; ⁶Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France; ⁷Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; ⁸K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; ⁹Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; ¹⁰Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; ¹¹Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; ¹²Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ¹³Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ¹⁴Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; ¹⁵Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;¹⁶Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; ¹⁷Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; ¹⁸Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany;¹⁹Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; ²⁰Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; ²¹Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; ²²Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; ²³Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands; ²⁴Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; ²⁵University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; ²⁶Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; ²⁷Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ²⁸Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania; ²⁹MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; ³⁰Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; ³¹Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; ³²Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; ³³Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; ³⁴Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; ³⁵Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ³⁶Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands; ³⁷National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ³⁸Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Kew, Australia; ³⁹Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; ⁴⁰Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; ⁴¹Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; ⁴²Inserm, U106, Montpellier, France; ⁴³Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France; ⁴⁴Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; ⁴⁵Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; ⁴⁶Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; ⁴⁷Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; ⁴⁸Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; ⁴⁹Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; ⁵⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; ⁵¹Inserm U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France; ⁵²Inserm U897, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France; ⁵³National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; ⁵⁴Department of General Practice and Primary health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; ⁵⁵Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; ⁵⁶K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; ⁵⁷Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; ⁵⁸Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; ⁵⁹Robertson Center for Biostatistics, Glasgow, UK; ⁶⁰Generation Scotland, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; ⁶¹Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; ⁶²Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; ⁶³Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; ⁶⁴Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; ⁶⁵Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ⁶⁶Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; ⁶⁷Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia; ⁶⁸School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ⁶⁹Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; ⁷⁰Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; ⁷¹Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway; ⁷²K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; ⁷³Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; ⁷⁴Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; ⁷⁵Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; ⁷⁶Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK; ⁷⁷Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; ⁷⁸Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; ⁷⁹Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; ⁸⁰Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split, Croatia; ⁸¹Deparment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; ⁸²Deparment of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; ⁸³Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA; ⁸⁴Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; ⁸⁵Division of Genetic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; ⁸⁶Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; ⁸⁷School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; ⁸⁸Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; ⁸⁹Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; ⁹⁰Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ⁹¹Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; ⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ⁹³Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; ⁹⁴Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ⁹⁵Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands; ⁹⁶Neuroimaging Genetics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; ⁹⁷Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ⁹⁸Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ⁹⁹ARC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and UFBI, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; ¹⁰⁰Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ¹⁰¹Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ¹⁰²Stroke and Ageing Research, Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ¹⁰³Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; ¹⁰⁴Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA and¹⁰⁵Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Correspondence: Dr IJ Deary, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK.