1Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
2National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, USA
3Department of Environmental Science, Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA
4Department of Meteorology, and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
5NASA Laboratory for Hydrospheric and Biospheric Sciences, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
6NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, USA
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to E.J.S. ([email protected]).
Received 14 January; accepted 1 December 2008.
Acknowledgements E.J.S. and D.P.S. were supported by the US National Science Foundation, grant numbers OPP-0440414 and OPP-0126161, as part of the US ITASE programme. M.E.M. was supported by the US National Science Foundation, grant number OPP-0125670. We thank D. Winebrenner, A. Monaghan, D. Bromwich, J. Turner, P. Mayewski, T. Scambos, E. Bard and O. Bellier.
Author Contributions E.J.S., D.P.S., S.D.R. and M.E.M. made the reconstruction and statistical calculations. J.C.C. performed the cloud-masking calculations and provided the updated satellite data set. D.T.S. provided the general circulation model output and guided its interpretation. E.J.S. wrote the paper. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.
