Hair Loss in Women

  • Olsen, Elise A. M.D.
New England Journal of Medicine 393(15):p 1509-1520, October 16, 2025. | DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp2412146

Key Clinical Points

Hair Loss in Women

  • Female-pattern hair loss is common and increases with age. Distinguishing between early-onset and late-onset female-pattern hair loss and establishing the presence or absence of hyperandrogenism or hyperandrogenemia may identify subpopulations of patients with varied etiologic factors and response to treatment.

  • The major clinical features of female-pattern hair loss are a pattern of central-scalp hair loss with or without frontal accentuation, preservation of follicular ostia, and variation of hair-shaft diameter. A scalp biopsy can confirm the disorder and determine the potential for regrowth.

  • One treatment strategy for female-pattern hair loss is to start with either 5% topical minoxidil twice a day or a low dose of oral minoxidil and escalate the latter if no unacceptable side effects occur (e.g., symptomatic low blood pressure, peripheral edema, or hypertrichosis).

  • Antiandrogen agents or 5α-reductase inhibitors are effective treatments in women with female-pattern hair loss and are useful in combination with minoxidil.

  • For patients with female-pattern hair loss who prefer to avoid medications or wish to augment their medical therapy, microneedling, platelet-rich plasma, nonablative fractional laser treatment, and low-level light therapy may be useful.

Hair Loss in Women

Female-pattern hair loss increases with age and varies according to age at onset and hormone status. Treatments include minoxidil, antiandrogens, and nondrug options such as platelet-rich plasma or light or laser therapy.

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