From the British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (L.S., P.S.J., M.C.P., J.J.V.M.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Institute of Health and Wellbeing (J.G.F.C.), University of Glasgow, the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital (M.C.P.), and the Cardiology Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary (H.J.D.), Glasgow, and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London (J.G.F.C.) — all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.L.C., S.D.S.); the Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico–Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan (S.B., R.L.), Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri Research Center, Florence (A.P.M.), and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation, Cotignola (L.T.) — all in Italy; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.); Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo (J.K.); the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (L.K.); Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (B.P.); the Center for Person-Centered Care (K.S.) and Sahlgrenska Academy (J.W.), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; INSERM Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1433, Université de Lorraine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nancy, France (F.Z.); and the Medical University of South Carolina and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston (M.R.Z.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. McMurray at the British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Pl., Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom, or at [email protected].
Supported by a doctoral research grant from the China Scholarship Council and a Jim Gatheral Travel Scholarship from the University of Glasgow (both to Dr. Shen).
Dr. Jhund reports receiving consulting fees from Novartis; Dr. Cleland, receiving grant support, fees for serving on an advisory board, and lecture fees from Amgen, Novartis, Medtronic, and Servier; Dr. Dargie, serving on data monitoring boards for Novartis, Janssen, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Boston Scientific, Vifor Pharma, and Amgen; Dr. Granger, receiving grant support, lecture fees, and consulting fees from Armetheon, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, the Medicines Company, Novartis, and Pfizer, grant support from Medtronic Foundation, and consulting fees and lecture fees from Boston Scientific, Hoffmann–La Roche, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Medtronic, Sirtex, and Verseon; Dr. Køber, receiving lecture fees from Novartis and Sanofi; Dr. Maggioni, serving as a steering committee member for Novartis and Bayer; Dr. Packer, receiving consulting fees from Admittance Technologies, Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celyad, Cardiorentis, Daiichi Sankyo, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Relypsa, Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, and ZS Pharma; Dr. Pitt, receiving consulting fees from Bayer, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, Merck, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals and consulting fees and stock options from Relypsa and scPharmaceuticals and holding a pending patent for site-specific delivery of eplerenone to the myocardium (U.S. patent application number, 14/175,733); Dr. Solomon, receiving grant support and consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Alynlam Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, and Gilead, fees for serving on an advisory board for Merck and Roche, grant support from Ionis Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi, and consulting fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Theracos; Dr. Swedberg, receiving consulting fees and honoraria from Novartis and AstraZeneca; Dr. Tavazzi, serving as a trial committee member for Cardiorentis, Servier, and CVie Therapeutics; Dr. Zannad, serving as a steering committee member for Janssen, Bayer, Pfizer, Novartis, Boston Scientific, ResMed, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, General Electric, and Boehringer Ingelheim, receiving consulting fees from Amgen, CVRx, Quantum Genomics, Relypsa, ZS Pharma, AstraZeneca, and Roche Diagnostics, and holding equity in the CardioRenal forum and the CardioVascular Clinical Trialists forum; and Dr. McMurray, receiving fees for serving on an advisory board and as an executive committee member and co-principal investigator for ATMOSPHERE (the Alisken Trial to Minimize Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure), fees for serving as co-principal investigator for the PARADIGM-HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure) and PARAGON-HF (Efficacy and Safety of LCZ696 Compared to Valsartan, on Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction) trials, fees for serving as an executive committee member for the PARADISE-MI (Prospective ARNI vs. ACE Inhibitor Trial to Determine Superiority in Reducing Heart Failure Events after MI) trial, and travel support from Novartis, fees for serving as a steering committee member and as the end-point committee chair for TRUE-AHF (Trial of Ularitide's Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Acute Heart Failure), and travel support from Cardiorentis, fees for serving as a steering committee member for the ATOMIC-AHF (Acute Treatment with Omecamtiv Mecarbil to Increase Contractility in Acute Heart Failure) trial and COSMIC-HF (Chronic Oral Study of Myosin Activation to Increase Contractility in Heart Failure) and travel support from Amgen, fees for serving as a steering committee member for ACE (Acarbose Cardiovascular Evaluation Trial) and travel support from Oxford University and Bayer, fees for serving as co-principal investigator and steering committee member for the HARMONY Outcomes Trial (Effect of Albiglutide, When Added to Standard Blood Glucose Lowering Therapies, on Major Cardiovascular Events in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), the ASCEND-D (Anemia Studies in Chronic Kidney Disease: Erythropoiesis via a Novel Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor Daprodustat–Dialysis) trial, and the ASCEND-ND (Anemia Studies in Chronic Kidney Disease: Erythropoiesis via a Novel Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor Daprodustat–Non-Dialysis) trial, and travel support from GlaxoSmithKline, fees for serving as principal investigator for the BEST (Beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival) trial and travel support from Theracos, fees for serving as a steering committee member of SONAR (Study of Diabetic Nephropathy with Atrasentan) and travel support from AbbVie, fees for serving as a steering committee member from the Dal-GenE (Effect of Dalcetrapib vs. Placebo on CV Risk in a Genetically Defined Population with a Recent ACS) trial from DalCor Pharmaceuticals, fees for serving on the data and safety monitoring committee for SPIRE (Studies of PCSK9 Inhibition and the Reduction of Vascular Events) from Pfizer, fees for serving on the data and safety monitoring committee for the MK-3102 program and the VICTORIA trial (Study of Vericiguat in Participants with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction [HFrEF] [MK-1242-001]) from Merck, fees for serving as principal investigator and travel support from AstraZeneca, fees for serving as a steering committee member from Bristol-Myers Squibb, and fees for serving as a steering committee member and heading the end-point adjudication committee for the PIVOTAL (Proactive IV Iron Therapy in Haemodialysis Patients) trial and travel support from Kidney Research UK, King's College Hospital, London, and Vifor Pharma–Fresenius Pharma (all to his institution). No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
