COPD 1: pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognosis

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common and incurable respiratory condition that is largely preventable and treatable, pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. It involves progressive and permanent damage to lung structures, leading to symptoms of breathlessness, cough, wheeze and sputum production. Early diagnosis and treatment allows patients to benefit from symptom-relieving treatment to maximise their quality of life. This article, the first in a two-part series, describes its pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognosis.

In this article…

• Characteristics and prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Signs and symptoms and the role of spirometry and assessment tools

• Understanding disease progression and prognosis