1Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran 
2Center for Orthopedic Trans‐Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran 
3Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran 
4Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran 
5Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran 
Correspondence: Farzad Pourghazi ([email protected]) Hanieh‐Sadat Ejtahed ([email protected]) Mostafa Qorbani ([email protected]) 
Received in revised form May 13, 2025
Received December 10, 2024
Accepted May 29, 2025