School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Stirling, UK
Department of Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
Acute Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Correspondence: Namwa Wongkalasin, BSc, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK ([email protected]).
Potential conflicts of interest . All authors: No reported conflicts.
Received December 30, 2024
Accepted September 05, 2025
Revised October 08, 2025
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