Recognizable and Suspected Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Syndromes

Streptococcus pyogenes is an aerobic, gram-positive coccus, forming either short or long chains. These streptococci produce clear (beta) hemolysis on agar plates containing blood from a variety of mammalian species. They are known as group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS). These ubiquitous organisms are responsible for a wide array of human illnesses and GABHS are the pathogenic bacteria identified most frequently in man. GABHS is spread from carriers who have subclinical colonization or individuals symptomatic with active infection to others. Specific mechanism of spread from one person to another varies; however, close contact is required for transmission. Spread occurs via direct projection of oral secretions, transferred large airborne droplets, direct contact of cutaneous lesions, and to a lesser extent, through contact with inanimate, contaminated surfaces (fomites) or contaminated foods. This article discusses the wide variety of syndromes associated with GABHS.

— The Editor