Effect of Guglielmi Detachable Coils on Experimental Carotid Artery Aneurysms in Primates

Tenjin, Hiroshi MD PhD
Fushiki, Shinji MD PhD
Nakahara, Yoshikazu MD
Masaki, Hiroto MD
Matsuo, Takamasa RT
Johnson, Christopher M. MD
Ueda, Satoshi MD PhD

Received March 20, 1995; final revision received June 26, 1995; accepted June 30, 1995.
From the Departments of Neurosurgery (H.T., Y.N., H.M., S.U.), Dynamic Pathology, Research Institute for Neurological Diseases and Geriatrics (S.F.), and Radiology (T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Japan); and the Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation (C.M.J.), Rochester, Minn.
Correspondence to Hiroshi Tenjin, Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyoku, Kyoto 602, Japan.

Stroke 26(11):p 2075-2080, November 1995.

Background and Purpose

Clinical experience has established that intravascularly placed metal coils can be a useful treatment for cerebral vascular aneurysms. However, the mechanism by which the coils induce occlusion of the aneurysm is unclear. Appropriate use of this promising treatment modality requires basic understanding of the occlusive process. We used an animal model system of experimentally induced carotid aneurysms to investigate the initial events induced by Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs), as well as the subsequent vascular changes induced by the coils over time.

Methods

We induced 23 aneurysms in the carotid arteries of 16 Japanese monkeys. Nineteen aneurysms were then occluded with GDCs placed via endovascular surgery; 4 aneurysms served as controls. We then used gross and microscopic pathological examination, angiography, and scanning electron microscopy to assess the effects of the GDC.

Results

In the first few hours after placement of the GDC in the experimental aneurysms, we observed leukocyte attachment and deposition of fibrinlike materials and other proteins. By 4 days after coil placement, leukocytes and fibroblasts were observed in the thrombus. By 2 weeks after coil placement, there was evidence of an endothelial-like covering of the coils. At 3 months after coil placement, we observed development of an arterial media in the occluded aneurysms.

Conclusions

The GDCs initiated a cellular response within several hours of aneurysm occlusion. By 2 weeks after coil placement, endothelialization was proceeding, and by 3 months after occlusion, remodeling of the aneurysm had progressed to produce a media-like structure in the former aneurysm.

(Stroke. 1995;26:2075-2080.)