Department of Internal Medicine, Stadtspital Zurich, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, 8063 Zürich, Switzerland
Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Emergency Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Internal Medicine, Stadtspital Zurich, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, 8063 Zürich, Switzerland
Intensive Care Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Ambroise-Paré AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Department of Anesthesia, Burn and Critical Care Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, FHU PROMICE, INI-CRCT, and Université de Paris, MASCOT, Inserm, Paris, France
Research Direction, Consorci Sanitari Integral, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Corresponding author. Tel: +41444163001, Email: [email protected]
Alexandre Mebazaa and Josep Masip equally contributed as senior authors.
Conflict of interest: H.A.I.S. has received honoraria from Abiomed, Boehringer Ingelheim, and AstraZeneca. A.V.-B. participates to a research advisory board from Air Liquide company. A.M. has received grants from Roche Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, 4TEEN4, and Windtree Therapeutics and honoraria for lectures from Roche Diagnostics, Bayer, and MSD; is a consultant for Corteria Pharmaceuticals, S-form Pharma, FIRE-1, Implicity, 4TEEN4, and Adrenomed; and is coinventor of a patent on combination therapy for patients having acute or persistent dyspnoea. No other relevant conflict of interest was reported.
Received November 06, 2023
Received in revised form December 18, 2023
Accepted December 20, 2023
Revised January 12, 2024
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