Correspondence to Giuseppe Mancia, Piazza dei Daini 4, Milan 20126, Italy, E-mail:
or Reinhold Kreutz, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany. E-mail:
Abbreviations: AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm; ABI, ankle–brachial index; ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; ACEi, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ACR, albumin–creatinine ratio; ADL, activity daily living; ADR, adverse drug reactions; AGB, adjustable gastric banding; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprylisin inhibitor; ARR, aldosterone–renin ratio; ARVD, atherosclerotic renal vascular disease; AS, aortic stenosis; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; AV, atrio-ventricular; baPWV, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity; BB, beta blocker; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; CAC, coronary arterial calcium; CAD, coronary or ischemic heart disease; CCB, calcium channel blocker; cfPWV, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Equation; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DDim, diastolic dimension; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EPO, erythropoietin; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; ET1, endothelin 1; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1s; FLAIR-MRI, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging; FMD, fibromuscular dysplasia; FU, follow-up; GDMT, guideline-directed medical therapy; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GIP, gastric inhibitory polypeptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; GLP-1 RA, GLP-1 receptor antagonist; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HbA1c, hemoglobinA1c; HBPM, home blood pressure monitoring; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HDP, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy; HELLP, Hemolysis, Elevated liver enzymes, Low platelet count syndrome; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HIV, Human Immuno-deficiency Virus; HMOD, hypertension-mediated organ damage; IDH, isolated diastolic hypertension; IMID, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases; IMT, intima–media thickness; INOCA, Ischemia with non obstructive coronary arteries; ISH, isolated systolic hypertension; ISHY, isolated systolic hypertension of the young; IVT, intravenous thrombolysis; KTR, kidney transplant recipients; KWB, Keith Wagener Barger; LA, left atrium; LAV, left atrial volume; LEAD, lower extremity artery disease; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LMIC, low-income and middle-income countries; LV, left ventricle; LVDD, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; LVDP, left ventricular diastolic pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVSD, left ventricular systolic dysfunction; LVSP, left ventricular systolic pressure; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; MAS, middle aortic syndrome; MH, masked hypertension; MI, mitral insufficiency; MINOCA, myocardial infraction with nonobstructive coronary arteries; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; MT, mechanical thrombectomy; MUCH, masked uncontrolled hypertension; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Study; NOAC, non-Warfarin oral anticoagulants; NRI, Net Reclassification Index; NSAIDS, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; NT-proBNP, N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide; OBPM, office blood pressure monitoring; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PA, primary aldosteronism; PAC, plasma aldosterone concentration; POAG, primary open angle glaucoma; PRA, plasma renin activity; PRC, plasma renin concentration; PTRA, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disease; PWV, pulse wave velocity; RAS, renin–angiotensin system; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RDN, renal denervation; RTKIs, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors; RVH, renovascular hypertension; RWT, relative wall thikness; RYGB, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; SCr, serum creatinine; SIADH, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SNS, sympathetic nervous system; SNV, single nucleotide variant; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TIA, transient ischemic attack; UACR, urinary albumin creatinine ratio; UPCR, urinary protein creatinine ratio; VEGF, vascular endothelium growth factor; VEGFI, vascular endothelium growth factor inhibitor; WCE, white-coat effect; WCH, white-coat hypertension; WML, white matter lesion; WUCH, white-coat uncontrolled hypertension
