1Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
2Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
3Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
4Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
5Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Correspondence to Professor Maria A Rocca, Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy; [email protected]
Received August 05, 2022; Accepted October 01, 2022
Twitter @paolopreziosa
Presented at Abstracts reporting this study were presented at the following conferences: the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) 2022 Annual Meeting (2-7 April, Seattle, USA); and the 8th European Academy of Neurology (EAN) congress (25-28 June 2022, Vienna, Austria).
Contributors AC, PV and MAR contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation was performed by AC, PV and MAR. Data collection was performed by PP, DM, MF and MAR. Data analysis was performed by AC, PV and MAR. The first draft of the manuscript was written by AC and PV, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. MAR acts as guarantor.
Funding AC was supported by a MAGNIMS/ECTRIMS research fellowship programme.
Competing interests AC has received research grants from Almirall, and served on advisory boards for: Merk, Novartis, Roche and Almirall. PV received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec. PP received speaker honoraria from Biogen, Novartis, Merck Serono, Bristol Myers Squibb and ExceMED. DM has nothing to declare. MF is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology, Associate Editor of Human Brain Mapping, Associate Editor of Radiology and Associate Editor of Neurological Sciences; received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi; speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda and Teva; participation in Advisory Boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Genzyme and Takeda; scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme; receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla and ARiSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA). MAR received consulting fees from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen and Roche; and speaker honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bromatech, Celgene, Genzyme, Merck Healthcare Germany, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche and Teva. She receives research support from the MS Society of Canada and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. She is Associate Editor for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.
Data availability statement Data are available upon reasonable request. The anonymised dataset used and analysed during the current study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Ethics approval Approval was received from the local ethical committee (IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; protocol ID FISM2013/S/1). All subjects gave written informed consent prior to study participation.
