From the Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (L.W.Y.); the Departments of Biostatistics (S.T.O., Z.H., J.Y.L.) and Pediatrics (J.N.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Perinatal Institute and the Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (S.L.M., W.R., J.M.M.), the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (E.F.B.); the Institutional Development Awards Program of the States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network, Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville (A.E.S.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda (A.A.B., R.D.H., M.C.W.) — both in Maryland; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine (R.G.G., P.B.S.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University (S.K.S.), Durham — all in North Carolina; Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P.); the Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers (R.D.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa (T.W.); St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood (W.R.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville (S.T., L.A.D.) — both in Kentucky; the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, ChristianaCare, Newark, DE (D.A.P.); the University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (C.M.F.); the Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.), and the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (J. Riccio) — both in New York; the Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (D.W.H.); the Medical University of South Carolina, Health Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston (J. Ross), and the Department of Pediatrics, Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, Spartanburg (J.B.) — both in South Carolina; the Section on Newborn Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital (K.M.P.), and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (L.C.), Philadelphia; the Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu (K.W.R., A.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (L.T.); Winchester Hospital, Winchester, MA (K.R.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center (K.D.), and Children's Mercy Hospital (J.W.) — both in Kansas City, MO; Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD (J.R.W.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.P.H.); and the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (S.N.).
Dr. Young can be contacted at [email protected] or at the Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 89 Beaumont Ave., Given E201-B, Burlington, VT 05401.
*A list of members of ACT NOW, a collaboration between the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network and the Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) Program of the States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network of the National Institutes of Health Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, is provided in the Supplementary Appendix, available at NEJM.org.
This article was published on April 30, 2023, at NEJM.org.
A data sharing statement provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
Supported by the National Institutes of Health, including the Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) Initiative, through grants (UG1-HD21364, UG1-HD27853, UG1-HD36790, UG1-HD40492, UG1-HD53089, UG1-HD53109, UG1-HD68244, UG1-HD68278, UG1-HD68263, and UG1-HD87226) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and grants (UL1-TR41, UL1-TR42, UL1-TR105, UL1-TR442, and UL1 TR1117) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences for the Neonatal Research Network; and by grants (2UG10-D024947-03, UG1-OD024958, 3U2C-OD023375-06S1, 3U2CO-D023375-07S2, UG1-OD024945, UG1-OD024947, UG1-OD024948, UG1-OD024954, UG1-OD024950, UG1-OD024955, UG1-OD024956, U24-OD024957, UG1-OD024959, UG1-OD024943, UG1-OD024942, and UG1-OD024953) from the Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) Program of the States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network of the National Institutes of Health Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.
Disclosure forms as provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.