“Target Trial Emulation” for Observational Studies — Potential and Pitfalls

From the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (R.A.H., C.A.G., J.W.H.); the Departments of Epidemiology (D.J.H.) and Biostatistics (S.-L.T.N.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School (S.-L.T.N.) — both in Boston; the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and the Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York (A.B.T.).