Pregnancy 5: effects on the endocrine, nervous and reproductive systems

Abstract

Hormonal changes are essential for a successful pregnancy but can have unwanted effects in the mother. Brain changes are associated with impaired cognition. Associations have been found between various pregnancy-associated pathologies and changes to the body’s microbial populations. Significant changes in the reproductive tract prepare for delivery. Prolactin stimulates milk production, while oxytocin stimulates milk delivery to the nipple.