1Department of Microbiology and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan,
2Malaria Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan,
3Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden,
4Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Saudi Arabia,
5Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain,
6Tropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria,
7Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Denmark,
8Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and
9Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA